Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho qhov muag thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm microscopes
Cov tshuaj kho qhov muag tsom iav ib txwm muaj xws li kev kho qhov muag thiab cov qauv siv tshuab los txhawb lawv. Lub kaw lus kho qhov muag suav nrog lub hom phiaj lens, lub qhov muag pom thiab lub ntsej muag condenser, tag nrho cov uas yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov iav tsom iav ua los ntawm ntau hom iav kho qhov muag. Lub hom phiaj lens yuav ua kom pom cov duab, nws qhov magnification M yam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: M yam=Δ ∕ f ' yam, qhov twg f' yam yog qhov ntev ntawm lub hom phiaj lens, Δ tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab eyepiece. Lub eyepiece yuav yog cov duab ntawm lub hom phiaj lens dua magnified rau hauv ib qho kev xav hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus neeg 250mm rau tib neeg kev soj ntsuam, uas yog feem ntau ntawm cov neeg xav tias **** txoj hauj lwm soj ntsuam, lub eyepiece ntawm magnification ntawm M qhov muag { {2}}/f'eye, f'eye yog lub qhov muag ntawm qhov ntev focal. Tag nrho cov magnification ntawm lub tshuab microscope yog cov khoom ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab lub eyepiece, piv txwv li, M=M khoom * M eyepiece=Δ * 250∕f'eye * f; khoom. Nws tuaj yeem pom, txo qhov focal ntev ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab eyepiece yuav ua rau tag nrho cov magnification, uas yog lub microscope tuaj yeem pom ** thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm tus yuam sij, tab sis kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm nws thiab cov iav zoo tib yam.
Yog li, nws puas tuaj yeem txo qhov f'objective f'eyepiece yam tsis muaj kev txwv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kom peb pom cov khoom hloov maj mam? Lo lus teb tsis yog! Qhov no yog vim hais tias qhov xwm ntawm lub teeb siv rau daim duab yog ib yam ntawm electromagnetic yoj, thiab yog li nyob rau hauv lub propagation txheej txheem inevitably tsim diffraction thiab cuam tshuam phenomena, ib yam li txhua hnub pom ripples nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov dej thaum ntsib obstacles yuav rounded, ob kem dej nthwv dej tuaj yeem sib ntsib ua kom muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog ib yam. Thaum lub teeb nthwv dej los ntawm qhov taw tes-zoo li lub teeb-emitting khoom taw tes rau hauv lub hom phiaj lens, lub hom phiaj lens ntawm ntug impedes lub propagation ntawm lub teeb, diffraction thiab cuam tshuam, tom qab lub hom phiaj lens tsis tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv ib qho taw tes, tab sis tsim ntawm ib qho me me ntawm qhov chaw, kuj tseem muaj cov kev siv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab maj mam txo qis halo, peb hu rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ci ntsa iab rau Avery qhov chaw, ob lub teeb-emitting point ze rau qee qhov deb. thaum ob qhov chaw yuav sib tshooj mus txog thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub rau ob qhov chaw. Riley tau npaj ib qho kev ntsuas, tias thaum ob qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm qhov chaw Airy, ob qhov chaw tuaj yeem sib txawv, suav tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub teeb-emitting ntsiab lus e=0.61 rau hauv ∕n.sinA=0.61 mus rau hauv ∕NA, qhov twg mus rau hauv lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej, tib neeg lub qhov muag tau txais los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej ntawm txog 0.4-0 .7 um, n rau lub teeb-emitting point ntawm nruab nrab refractive index, qhov twg lub teeb-emitting point nyob rau hauv lub refractive index ntawm lub teeb-emitting point. Refractive index ntawm nruab nrab nyob rau hauv uas lub teeb-emitting point, xws li nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, n ≈ 1, nyob rau hauv dej, n ≈ 1.33, thiab A rau lub teeb-emitting point ntawm lub hom phiaj lens bezel kaum sab xis ntawm ib nrab, NA lub npe hu ua tus lej aperture ntawm lub hom phiaj lens. Los ntawm cov qauv saum toj no, lub hom phiaj lo ntsiab muag tuaj yeem paub qhov deb ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb thiab tus lej aperture ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, vim tib neeg lub qhov muag pom * ntse wavelength ntawm txog 0. 5 um, thiab lub kaum sab xis A tsis ntau tshaj 9 0 degrees, sinA ib txwm tsawg dua 1, rau qhov nruab nrab muaj teeb pom kev zoo * qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam txog li 1.5, yog li qhov e-tus nqi yeej ib txwm ntau dua. 0.2 um, qhov no yog optical microscope tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm * qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev ncua deb. Los ntawm lub microscope magnification imaging, yog hais tias koj xav kom muaj ib co NA tus nqi ntawm lub hom phiaj lens daws teeb meem ntawm cov khoom point spacing e enlarged kom txaus kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, nws yog tsim nyog rau kuv loj dua los yog sib npaug rau { {31}}.15mm, qhov twg 0.15mm rau kev sim tib neeg lub qhov muag tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ob lub micro-cov khoom tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm 250mm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm * me me, yog li M Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau (0.15 ∕ 0.61 rau hauv) NA ≈ 500N.A, txhawm rau ua kom pom Kev txhawm rau ua kom qhov kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm dhau, M ob npaug yuav txaus, uas yog, 500N.A Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau M Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1000N.A, yog ib qho kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm tag nrho cov magnification ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov magnification tsis muaj nuj nqis, vim hais tias tus lej aperture ntawm lub hom phiaj lens tau txwv rau * me me daws tau. nrug kom nce qhov magnification tau tsis yooj yim sua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom me me.
