Qhov sib txawv ntawm linear fais fab mov thiab switching fais fab mov
Raws li txoj cai hloov dua siab tshiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob linear thiab hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum peb faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm thiab hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, peb yuav tsum tau qhia meej seb nws yog AC / DC lossis DC / DC. Txawm hais tias qhov kev faib tawm no yog tsom rau qhov txawv ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tab sis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm thiab hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua tiav AC / DC ua haujlwm tiav ntawm kev hloov AC rau DC, thiab qee qhov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm DC / DC.
Linear fais fab mov thiab hloov fais fab mov rau AC / DC
Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv, phau ntawv, thiab cov ntawv uas ncaj qha mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li "linear power sources for AC/DC". Dab tsi yog linear zog qhov chaw? Linear fais fab mov ua ntej txo qhov voltage amplitude ntawm AC zog los ntawm ib tug transformer, ces rectifies los ntawm ib tug rectifier Circuit Court kom tau lub zog DC, thiab ces lim nws kom tau DC voltage nrog me me ripple voltage.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm AC / DC linear fais fab mov thiab hloov fais fab mov yog txawv raws li hauv qab no:
Lub linear fais fab mov ntawm AC / DC yog thawj zaug txo los ntawm AC voltage siv lub zog zaus transformer, thiab ces kho. Tom qab txo qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov qis, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg tuaj yeem siv rau kev ruaj ntseg voltage. Kev hloov lub raj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob linear ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev amplified, uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg (txog rau qhov poob qis), xav tau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub dab dej kub loj. Lub ntim ntawm lub hwj chim zaus transformers kuj tseem loj, thiab thaum tsim ntau yam ntawm voltage outputs, transformer ntim yuav loj dua.
Kev hloov lub raj ntawm AC / DC hloov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv saturation thiab txiav tawm lub xeev, uas ua rau tsis tshua muaj cua sov tiam thiab efficiency siab. AC / DC switching fais fab mov tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog loj zaus transformers. Txawm li cas los xij, DC tso zis ntawm AC / DC hloov hluav taws xob yuav muaj cov ripples loj dua, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev sib txuas cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob diode ntawm qhov kawg tso zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim lub siab ncov mem tes cuam tshuam tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub raj hloov, cov hlaws sib nqus yuav tsum tau txuas nrog hauv series hauv Circuit Court kom txhim kho. Hais txog hais lus, lub ripple ntawm linear fais fab mov tuaj yeem ua rau me me. Hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem topological sib txawv, xws li txo qis, txhawb zog, thiab txhawb zog, thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txo qis.
Ntau lub hwj chim adapters thaum ntxov tau hnyav heev, thiab lawv txoj hauv kev hloov pauv yog AC / DC linear fais fab mov, uas siv lub zog zaus transformer sab hauv. AC / DC linear fais fab mov ua ntej siv lub transformer los txo qhov AC voltage. Hom transformer no, uas ncaj qha txo qhov voltage nyob rau hauv lub mains, hu ua lub hwj chim zaus transformer, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1.9. Fais fab zaus transformers, tseem hu ua low-frequency transformers, cais lawv los ntawm high-frequency transformers siv nyob rau hauv switching fais fab mov. Fais fab zaus transformers tau dav siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj yav dhau los. Tus qauv zaus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, tseem hu ua lub zog hluav taws xob ("lub zog loj" yog hais txog lub zog hluav taws xob feem ntau siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog), yog 50Hz hauv Suav teb thiab 60Hz hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Lub transformer uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov voltage ntawm alternating tam sim no ntawm qhov zaus no hu ua lub zog zaus transformer. Fais fab zaus transformers feem ntau loj dua qhov loj dua piv rau high-frequency transformers. Yog li qhov ntim ntawm AC / DC linear fais fab mov siv nrog lub zog zaus transformers yog qhov loj.
AC / DC switching fais fab mov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rectifying thiab lim cov AC fais fab mov los tsim ib qho kwv yees DC high voltage, thiab ces tswj tus hloov mus ua kom muaj high-frequency pulses, uas yog hloov los ntawm ib tug transformer. AC / DC switching fais fab mov muaj ntau dua efficiency thiab me me. Ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws qhov me me yog tias cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntau zaus tsawg dua li lub zog zaus transformers. Vim li cas qhov ntau zaus, qhov me me ntawm qhov transformer ntim?
Transformer core cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib nqus, yog li muaj kev txwv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws magnetic teb lub zog. Tam sim no, sib nqus teb lub zog, thiab sib nqus flux ntawm alternating tam sim no yog tag nrho cov cim sinusoidal. Peb paub tias sine signals ntawm tib lub amplitude, qhov siab dua qhov zaus, qhov siab dua ntawm lub teeb liab "tus nqi hloov" (lub sij hawm lub teeb liab sine hla xoom yog lub ncov ntawm "tus nqi hloov", thaum tus nqi. ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub ncov ntawm lub teeb liab yog 0). Lub caij no, qhov induced voltage yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm magnetic flux. Yog li, rau tib qhov hluav taws xob ib zaug, qhov siab dua qhov zaus, qhov me me ntawm lub ncov sib nqus flux xav tau. Tab sis raws li tau hais los saum no, lub ncov tus nqi ntawm magnetic teb siv yog txwv. Yog li ntawd, yog tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus raug txo, qhov ntu ntu ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau tuaj yeem raug txo. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas saum toj no xav tias tib qhov voltage ib zaug. Thiab qhov voltage ib tig yog cuam tshuam nrog lub zog. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li lub hwj chim. Yog tias lub zog me dua, qhov tam sim no tseem me dua, thiab cov xaim tso cai yog nyias, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv me ntsis siab dua, nws raug tso cai kom muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, qhov hluav taws xob ib tig kuj raug txo, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xav tau sib nqus flux. Tom qab ntawd txo qhov ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev soj ntsuam saum toj no xav tias cov khoom siv tas li, uas yog, qhov sib nqus sib nqus lub zog yog qhov tsis tu ncua. Tau kawg, yog tias cov khoom siv nrog ntau dua saturation magnetic teb lub zog yog siv, lub ntim kuj yuav raug txo. Peb paub tias piv rau cov transformers ntawm tib qhov loj ntau xyoo dhau los, transformers tam sim no muaj ntau me me vim lawv tam sim no siv cov khoom siv hlau tshiab.
Raws li Maxwell qhov sib npaug, qhov induced electromotive force E hauv transformer coil yog
Ntawd yog, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm magnetic flux ceev B dhau sijhawm dhau N xaim hloov nrog thaj tsam ntawm Ac.
Rau transformers, induced electromotive quab yuam E ntawm thawj sab ntawm transformer thiab voltage U thov nyob rau hauv lub input sab yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug linear kev sib raug zoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub amplitude ntawm U nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim sab ntawm lub transformer tseem tsis hloov, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab hais tias lub amplitude ntawm E kuj tseem unchanged.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov txwv siab tshaj plaws rau qhov sib nqus flux ceev B ntawm txhua hom hlau nplaum. Cov ferrite siv rau cov ntawv thov ntau zaus yog nyob ib ncig ntawm ob peb feem kaum ntawm Tesla, thaum cov tub ntxhais hlau siv rau kev siv fais fab zaus nyob ib ncig ntawm ib theem siab dua ib qho, nrog qhov sib txawv me me.
Yog li ntawd, thaum lub zaus nce, tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv magnetic flux ceev dB / dt thaum lub sij hawm txhua lub voj voog nce ntau, yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm magnetic flux ceev B tsis tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, me me Ac lossis N tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav tib lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob E. Kev txo qis hauv Ac txhais tau hais tias qhov txo qis hauv cheeb tsam sib nqus ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib nqus; Kev txo qis hauv N txhais tau hais tias thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov rais khoob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau nplaum tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg, ob qho tib si tuaj yeem pab ua tiav qhov ntim me me ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib nqus. Qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau zaus me dua, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm lub voj voog qis qis, ua rau lub ntim me me.
Kev hloov lub raj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv saturation thiab txiav tawm lub xeev, ua rau tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tiam thiab ua haujlwm siab. AC / DC hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tas yuav siv lub zog loj zaus hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, DC tso zis ntawm lub zog hloov hluav taws xob yuav muaj cov ripples loj rau ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov loj ncov mem tes cuam tshuam tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub transistor hloov, nws tseem yuav tsum tau lim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court kom txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hais txog kev hais lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob linear tsis muaj qhov tsis xws li saum toj no, thiab lawv cov ripple tuaj yeem me me heev.
