Yuav ua li cas ua EMC tsim ntawm AC tswj fais fab mov
EMC kev ua tau zoo yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm AC tswj fais fab mov. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev siv tus nqi ntawm AC tswj fais fab mov, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo EMC yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm qib siab dua thiab qhov tsim nyog electromagnetic cuam tshuam, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yuav tsum yog rau nws cov load (sensitive rau EMI). cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) los muab cov ntaub ntawv EMC txaus. Hauv daim ntawv no, ua ke nrog EMC kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, cov kev xav tau thiab cov txheej txheem xeem tau piav qhia meej, thiab cov kev xav ntawm tus kheej tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej.
1 Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Electromagnetic compatibility (ElectromagneTIcCompaTIbility, hu ua EMC) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov khoom lag luam zoo yog tsim los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: cov qauv zoo thiab cov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm. Cov yav dhau los suav nrog cov qauv dav dav, uas yog, IEC thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov qauv qauv tsim los ntawm lub tebchaws hauv Suav teb; tom kawg yog cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab nws cov kev cai. Electromagnetic compatibility thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum yog cov qauv yooj yim. Tam sim no EMC tau tsim ib qho kev ua tiav los ntawm cov qauv hauv paus, cov qauv sib xws, cov qauv hauv tsev neeg, thiab cov qauv khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj txoj cai tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, European Union tau tsim cov kev cai, hais tias txij Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1996, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog ntawm kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob qis (LV Directive) thiab kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob sib raug zoo (EMC Directive) ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem muag hauv lub khw. Tau ntau xyoo, EMC cov qauv tshiab tau raug tso tawm hauv Suav teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias qhov cuam tshuam EMC cov qauv ntawm IEC yuav txuas ntxiv hloov kho los ntawm cov qauv qub lossis cov qauv qub rau cov qauv kev cai, thiab cov qauv EMC tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws tseem yuav raug hloov kho tas li thiab tso tawm, thiab cov ntawv tshiab kawg yuav tsum yeej rau EMC cuam tshuam. kuaj.
Lub npe hu ua EMC yog txhais hauv GB/T4365-1996 "Electromagnetic Compatibility Terminology" raws li: lub peev xwm ntawm lub cuab yeej lossis lub cev ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv nws qhov chaw electromagnetic yam tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam rau txhua yam hauv ib puag ncig. Qhov no txhais tau hais txog peb yam. Ua ntej, qhov kev txwv ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam. Electromagnetic cuam tshuam yog nyob txhua qhov chaw, tab sis nws tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm cov qauv zoo thiab nws qhov kev phom sij tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov txwv tus nqi ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam xa tawm yuav tsum tau teev tseg rau cov khoom lag luam kom ntseeg tau tias ib puag ncig electromagnetic tsim nyog. Qhov thib ob, kev tiv thaiv ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub electromagnetic ib puag ncig nrog cov kev cai electromagnetic cuam tshuam kev siv tsis tau txo nws cov Performance index. Thib peb, kev tsim qauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib puag ncig electromagnetic. Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, noj ib qho kev ntsuas tawm tsam electromagnetic cuam tshuam tsis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws tus kheej lossis lwm yam khoom lossis cov tshuab hauv tib qhov chaw electromagnetic, thiab tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke ntawm tus phooj ywg "kev thaj yeeb". Piv txwv li, txhawm rau txo cov kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam, lub capacitor txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob theem kab thiab hauv av kab. Rau cov cuab yeej siv, lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov txwv tus nqi ntawm cov xau tam sim no hauv tus qauv kev nyab xeeb; rau qhov system, nws yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev sib txuas ntawm qhov system thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov system ua haujlwm. Yog li, EMC kev sim ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum suav nrog ob yam: (1) Ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas nws xa mus rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud kom paub meej tias nws puas ua tau raws li qhov txwv tus nqi uas tau teev tseg hauv cov qauv cuam tshuam.
EMC kuaj cov khoom thiab cov cai
EMC kev xeem yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 3 pawg raws li cov khoom siv: uas yog, kev siv tub rog, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ib puag ncig siv, thiab kev siv pej xeem thiab thaj chaw nyob. Cov khoom xeem, cov kev xav tau, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm ob lub tom kawg yog qhov sib xws, thiab qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv cov kev cai rau cov ntsuas. Pawg tub rog sib txawv heev ntawm ob pawg tom kawg vim nws siv tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv, aviation thiab marine cov cuab yeej muaj cov kev xav tau zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv tub rog, thiab muaj cov qauv dav dav thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv AC tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muag hauv khw, kab lus no tsom mus rau ob pawg tom kawg.
Raws li kev saib xyuas ntau ntxiv rau EMC cov teeb meem hauv zej zog, suav nrog ntau txoj haujlwm thiab cov khoom lag luam, IEC tau kho EMC cov cai raws li tus qauv hauv IEC. Qhov no yog tus qauv nto moo IEC61000 series. Cov qauv no tau raug suav hais tias nyob thoob ntiaj teb raws li tus qauv sib xws nrog qhov tseem ceeb ib yam li tus qauv kev nyab xeeb. Ib tug ntawm lawv, IEC61000-4 "Tsev Technology", yog tus qauv yooj yim rau kev taw qhia EMC kuaj. Txij li thaum EMC thev naus laus zis yog qhov nyuaj, ntau txoj kev qhuab qhia, thiab hloov kho cov thev naus laus zis tas li, cov khoom ntsuas EMC cuam tshuam, cov kev xav tau, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem raug kho thiab txhim kho tas li. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam khoom hauv IEC61000-4 tseem tsis tau raug tso tawm thiab tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg nyeem kom nkag siab txog qhov kev paub no, peb yuav qhia txog cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog AC tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tsom mus rau IEC cov haujlwm uas tau txais los ntawm cov qauv hauv tebchaws.
Cov xwm txheej thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xeem EMC
Kev ntsuam xyuas nyob ntawm peb yam: txoj hauv kev, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Cov txheej txheem yog txiav txim los ntawm ob qho tib si lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas thiab kev siv cov khoom siv ntsuas. Cov thev naus laus zis yog txhua txoj kev sim uas tau txais los ua kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem kom raug (qhov tseeb dua), thiab cov cuab yeej siv yog txhua yam uas cuam tshuam txog ob yam saum toj no los ua haujlwm rau kev xeem. cuab yeej cuab tam. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau ua raws li tus qauv los lav kev rov tsim dua tshiab thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev sim.
EMC xeem tej yam kev mob yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj kev xeem. Cov kev sim tshwj xeeb tau muab faib rau hauv txoj kev sim lub rooj ntev zaum tau ua raws li kev kuaj sim thiab cov txheej txheem teb tau ua raws li kev siv tiag tiag. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom simulate tag nrho cov cuam tshuam phenomena uas tej zaum yuav ntsib nyob rau hauv lub teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov teb txoj kev muaj insurmountable txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev ntsuas tus qauv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm EMC kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv kev sim tuaj yeem tau txais ntau dua. Vim li no, kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb yog los txais yuav txoj kev sim lub rooj zaum ua ntej, tshwj tsis yog nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv chav kuaj, feem ntau tsis siv txoj hauv kev.
Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog xaiv qhov tsim nyog qhov hnyav raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ib puag ncig, ua ke nrog cov kev ntsuas los ntawm tus neeg siv rau cov khoom siv, sim raws li cov txheej txheem kev xeem cuam tshuam, thiab thaum kawg los ntsuas qhov ntsuas. cov txiaj ntsig raws li kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog tau thov los ntawm cov qauv khoom tsim nyog. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam kev sim.
Lub electromagnetic cuam tshuam qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig electromagnetic, txoj kev coupling ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam qhov chaw rau cov khoom, qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov khoom siv rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas ntawm tus neeg siv ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau theem hnyav. Ntawd yog, kev siv ib puag ncig txiav txim siab daim ntawv cuam tshuam, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam loj heev. GB / T13926.4 tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm cov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv sib xws rau qib hnyav hauv qhov chaw electromagnetic:
Qib 1, nrog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo, xws li chav computer;
Qib 2, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig xws li chav tswj lossis chav dav hlau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob;
Qib 3, ib puag ncig muaj kev lag luam, xws li cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, cov chav relay ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab qhib-cua hluav taws xob substations;
Qib 4, hnyav kev lag luam ib puag ncig, xws li chaw nres tsheb fais fab, cov khoom siv txheej txheem tsis muaj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw sab nraum zoov, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv IEC 801-5, lub hauv paus ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog lub zog hloov pauv hloov mus los yog lub teeb ci ntawm qhov tsis ncaj qha hluav taws xob tawm tsam, thiab cov kev teeb tsa thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej raug cais raws li hauv qab no (tseem siv tau rau qhov siab):
Chav kawm 0: Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo ib puag ncig nrog kev tiv thaiv thawj thiab theem nrab overvoltage, feem ntau hauv chav tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov hluav taws xob surge yuav tsis tshaj 25V;
Qeb 1: hluav taws xob ib puag ncig nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv zos thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv overvoltage, thiab qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshaj 500V;
Hom 2: Cov kab hluav taws xob sib cais los ntawm lwm cov kab, qhov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig nrog kev sib cais zoo, thiab qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshaj 1kV;
Qeb 3: Cov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig uas cov hluav taws xob cables thiab cov teeb liab cables tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib npaug, thiab qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis tshaj 2kV;
Qeb 4: Cov kab sib txuas yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hwj chim cable raws li nws nyob sab nraum zoov, thiab qhov chaw hluav taws xob uas muaj hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv cables, qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis tshaj 4kV;
Qeb 5: Cov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog cov xov tooj hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hauv cov chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob.
Tsis muaj qhov kev sim nce siab rau qeb 0. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dav dav yog nyob rau hauv Chav Kawm 1 lossis Chav Kawm 2 hluav taws xob ib puag ncig, thiab qib hnyav tuaj yeem xaiv tau raws li Chav Kawm 1 lossis Chav Kawm 2.
