Qhov twg yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov ze-tsawg optical microscope thiab far-field microscope?
Qhov ze Field Optical Microscopy yog dab tsi?
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis mus rau qhov chaw me me thiab qis qis thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev sojntsuam microscopy thev naus laus zis, ib qho kev kawm tshiab - ze-tsav optics - tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm optics. Nyob ze-tsav optics tau hloov pauv qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag ib txwm muaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib hom tshiab ntawm ze-field optical microscope (NSOM-Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope, los yog SNOM) tau nthuav dav tib neeg lub zeem muag ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb mus rau ob peb feem kaum ntawm lub wavelength, uas yog, nanometer scale. Nyob rau hauv ze-tsav optical microscopy, lub lo ntsiab muag nyob rau hauv cov pa twj tso kua mis yog hloov los ntawm me me optical probes nrog tip apertures ntau me dua lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb.
Thaum ntxov li 1928, Synge tau npaj siab tias tom qab irradiating teeb meem teeb pom kev los ntawm ib lub qhov me me nrog aperture ntawm 10nm mus rau ib qho qauv nrog qhov deb ntawm 10nm, scanning nrog ib kauj ruam loj ntawm 10nm thiab sau cov teeb liab kho qhov muag ntawm micro cheeb tsam, nws yog ib qho ua tau. kom tau txais super siab daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia no intuitive, Synge tau qhia meej meej txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub nyob ze-tsawg optical microscopy.
Xyoo 1970, Ash thiab Nicholls tau siv lub tswv yim ntawm thaj chaw ze kom paub txog ob sab duab nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm K / 60 hauv microwave band (K=3cm). Xyoo 1983, BM Zurich Research Center tau ua tiav cov khoom siv nanoscale lub teeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau-coated quartz siv lead ua. Ultra-high optical daws teeb meem dluab ntawm K / 20 tau txais kev siv tunneling tam sim no raws li kev tawm tswv yim rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam thiab cov qauv. Qhov kev txhawb nqa kom coj tau qhov ze-tsawg optics kom dav dav los ntawm AT&T Bell Laboratories. Xyoo 1991, Betzig et al. siv fiber ntau kho qhov muag los ua lub qhov sib txuas nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab tso cov yeeb yaj kiab hlau rau ntawm sab, ua ke nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb shear force probe-piv txwv qhov kev hloov kho txoj kev, uas tsis yog tsuas yog nce qhov kev sib kis ntawm photon flux. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muab txoj kev tswj xyuas ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, uas tau ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag pom ntawm qhov ze-tsawg optical microscopy hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li biology, chemistry, magneto-optical domains thiab high-density information storage devices, thiab quantum li. series ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Lub npe hu ua ze-field optics yog txheeb ze rau qhov chaw nyob deb. Traditional optical theories, xws li geometric optics thiab lub cev optics, feem ntau tsuas yog kawm txog kev faib cov teeb pom kev deb ntawm lub teeb lossis cov khoom, thiab feem ntau hu ua far-field optics. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, muaj ib tug deb-field diffraction txwv nyob deb-field optics, uas txwv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus daws teeb meem loj thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus cim loj thaum siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm far-field optics rau microscopy thiab lwm yam kev siv kho qhov muag. Nyob ze-field optics, ntawm qhov tod tes, kawm txog kev faib cov teeb pom kev hauv ib lub wavelength ntau los ntawm lub teeb los yog khoom. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov ze-tsav optics, qhov kev txwv deb ntawm qhov chaw deb tau tawg, thiab qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis raug txwv rau hauv txoj cai, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau me me, kom qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag ntawm microscopic imaging thiab lwm yam kho qhov muag. daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem txhim kho raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ze-tsav optics. Tus nqi.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag raws li nyob ze-tsawg kho qhov muag tshuab tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib nanometer, tawg los ntawm kev daws teeb meem tsis sib haum ntawm cov tshuaj optics, uas yuav muab cov kev ua haujlwm muaj zog, kev ntsuas thiab ntsuas tshuab rau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhim kho nanotechnology. Tam sim no, nyob ze-thaj chaw scanning optical microscopes thiab ze-tsav spectrometers raws li evanescent teb nrhiav tau siv nyob rau hauv physics, biology, chemistry, thiab cov ntaub ntawv science, thiab cov Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov yog tas li nthuav; thaum lwm yam kev siv raws li nyob ze- teb optics, xws li nano-lithography thiab ultra-high-density ze-field optical cia, nano-optical Cheebtsam, capture thiab manipulation ntawm nano-scale hais, thiab lwm yam., kuj tau nyiam cov xim ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb.
Sib nrug los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv ob leeg hu ua microscopes, tsis muaj ntau qhov sib xws.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws yog qhov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv. Lub microscope nyob deb, uas yog, ib txwm siv tshuaj kho qhov muag, yog txwv los ntawm qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau duab kom meej meej hauv cheeb tsam me dua lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb; thaum lub tshuab ntsuas ze ze tuaj yeem ua tiav cov duab pom tseeb.
Qhov thib ob, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus txawv. Lub koob yees duab nyob deb siv qhov kev xav thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ke ntawm lo ntsiab muag; Thaum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ze, xav tau ib qho kev sojntsuam, thiab kev sib txuas thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw evanescent thiab kis tau tus mob yog siv los ua kom pom kev sib haum xeeb. teeb liab tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov ntsuas, tus nqi, thiab lwm yam, ob qho tib si tsis zoo ib yam.
