Qhia cov hom teeb pom kev zoo
1. Tsaus Field Microscopy
Dark field microscope yog ib hom tshuaj kho qhov muag, kuj hu ua ultramicroscope. Muaj ib lub teeb thaiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub condenser ntawm ib tug tsaus nti teb microscope, thiaj li hais tias lub illumination lub teeb tsis ncaj qha mus rau lub hom phiaj lens, thiab tsuas yog lub teeb reflected thiab disfracted los ntawm cov qauv tso cai rau nkag mus rau lub hom phiaj lens, thiaj li keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev pom yog dub, thiab ntug ntawm cov khoom yog ci. ntawm. Microparticles me me li 4-200nm tuaj yeem pom nrog lub tshuab ntsuas no, thiab qhov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem yog 50 npaug siab dua li ntawm cov tshuab microscopes.
2. Phase-contrast microscopy
Tus qauv ntawm theem sib piv microscope: theem contrast microscope yog lub tshuab microscope uas siv cov theem sib piv. Yog li, cov khoom siv hauv qab no tau ntxiv rau lub tshuab tsom iav ib txwm muaj: lub hom phiaj lens nruab nrog lub phaj phaj (phase annular phaj), thiab theem sib txawv lub hom phiaj lens. Condenser nrog theem nplhaib (annular slit phaj), theem sib txawv condenser. Monochromatic Lim - (ntsuab).
Cov lim dej monochromatic yog lub lim ntsuab nrog lub nruab nrab wavelength ntawm 546nm (nanometer). Nws yog feem ntau pom nrog lub lim dej monochromatic. Phaj phaj hloov 90 degree kom pom cov theem ntawm lub teeb ncaj qha ntawm ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb. Thaum xav tau ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau xaiv cov lim uas tsim nyog, thiab qhov sib txawv yuav zoo dua thaum lub lim tau tso. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm theem annular slit yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom raug kev taw qhia ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, thiab lub tshuab tsom iav qhov nruab nrab yog ib feem uas ua lub luag haujlwm no.
3. Yees duab microscope
Cov qauv ntxov tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog lub koob yees duab-hom microscope. Cov duab tau txais nyob rau hauv lub microscope yog projected mus rau ib tug photosensitive daim duab los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm me me qhov imaging, thiaj li mus tau ib daim duab. Los yog ncaj qha dock lub koob yees duab nrog lub microscope coj cov duab. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm CCD lub koob yees duab, lub tshuab microscopes tuaj yeem hloov cov duab hauv lub sijhawm mus rau TVs lossis saib xyuas ncaj qha, thiab tseem tuaj yeem thaij duab los ntawm lub koob yees duab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1980s, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam digital thiab kev lag luam hauv computer, cov haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav kuj tau txhim kho los ntawm lawv, ua rau nws yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1990, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor, wafers xav tau lub tshuab tsom iav kom coj tau ntau qhov kev sib koom tes. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software, kev txawj ntse, thiab tib neeg ua rau lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob txhim kho ntau dua hauv kev lag luam.
4. Fluorescence Microscopy
Lub microscope uas siv lub teeb ultraviolet ua lub teeb ci los ua kom cov khoom irradiated emit fluorescence.
Fluorescence microscope txoj cai:
Lub teeb qhov chaw: Ib lub teeb ci radiates lub teeb ntawm ntau lub wavelengths (los ntawm ultraviolet mus rau infrared).
Excitation filter light source: los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb wavelength ntawm lub teeb uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv tsim cov fluorescence, thaum thaiv lub teeb uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev zoo siab fluorescence.
Fluorescent specimens: feem ntau stained nrog fluorescent dyes.
Thaiv cov lim dej: thaiv lub teeb pom kev zoo uas tsis nqus los ntawm cov qauv thiab xaiv xa cov fluorescence, thiab qee qhov wavelengths tau xaiv hauv cov fluorescence.
5. Polarizing microscope
Polarizing microscopy yog ib hom kab mob uas siv los kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab thiab opaque anisotropic. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem pom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm staining, tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tau thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing.
6. Ultrasonic microscope
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm ultrasonic scanning microscope yog tias nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub suab yoj thiab elastic nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv me me, thiab txheeb xyuas cov teeb liab pub rov qab los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov qauv. Txhua pixel ntawm daim duab (C-Scan) sib raug rau Lub teeb liab tawm tswv yim ntawm ob qhov chaw sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov tob hauv cov qauv, ZA sensor nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem xa tawm thiab tau txais cov cim acoustic tib lub sijhawm. Daim duab tiav yog tau los ntawm kev luam cov qauv taw tes los ntawm taw tes thiab kab los ntawm kab. Cov kev cuam tshuam ultrasound tsis yog muab qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo amplitude kom lub sijhawm ntawm lub teeb liab mus ncig yuav siv tau los cuam tshuam qhov tob ntawm cov qauv. Daim ntawv digital waveform ntawm tus neeg siv lub vijtsam qhia tau txais cov lus pom zoo (A-Scan). Teem lub rooj vag sib raug zoo, thiab siv qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas no (cov lus teb lub sijhawm pom), koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov qauv qhov tob uas koj xav soj ntsuam.
7. Dissecting Microscope
Dissecting microscopes, tseem hu ua khoom microscopes, stereo microscopes lossis stereo microscopes, yog microscopes tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Thaum soj ntsuam nrog lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas, lub teeb nkag mus rau ob lub qhov muag los ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab ob txoj hauv kev tsuas muaj lub kaum sab xis me me, yog li thaum soj ntsuam, tus qauv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm peb sab. Muaj ob hom kev teeb pom kev zoo rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob: Greenough Concept thiab Telescope Concept. Dissecting microscopes feem ntau yog siv rau kev soj ntsuam saum npoo ntawm qee cov qauv khoom, lossis rau kev ua haujlwm xws li kev txiav, moos ua, thiab tshuaj xyuas lub rooj tsav xwm me me.
8. Confocal Microscopy
Kev sojntsuam lub teeb tawm los ntawm qhov chaw teeb pom kev yog tsom rau ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub lens. Yog tias qhov khoom tsuas yog ua kom pom tseeb xwb, lub teeb pom kev yuav tsum rov qab mus rau lub teeb ci los ntawm lub lens qub. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua confocal, lossis confocal luv luv. Lub laser scanning confocal microscope [Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM los yog LSCM)] ntxiv ib daim iav dichroic rau txoj kev kho qhov muag ntawm lub teeb pom kev, refracting lub teeb pom kev zoo uas tau dhau los ntawm lub lens mus rau lwm cov lus qhia, thiab ntawm nws qhov kev tsom xam muaj ib qho. nrog lub pinhole (Pinhole), lub qhov me me nyob ntawm qhov chaw focal, tom qab lub baffle yog lub raj photomultiplier (photomultiplier raj, PMT). Nws tuaj yeem xav txog tias lub teeb pom kev ua ntej thiab tom qab lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub teeb pom kev dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem confocal no, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau lub qhov me me, thiab yuav raug thaiv los ntawm baffle. Tom qab ntawd lub photometer ntsuas qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub focal point. Nws qhov tseem ceeb yog: cov khoom translucent tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv peb qhov ntev los ntawm kev txav lub lens system.
9. Metallographic microscope
Metallographic microscope yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv hauv cov hlau. Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb metallographic thiab cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau cov tuam tsev lag luam txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo. Qhov ntsuas tau nruab nrog lub koob yees duab uas tuaj yeem ntes cov duab metallographic thiab txheeb xyuas lawv. Maps tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab ntsuas, thiab cov duab tuaj yeem hloov kho, tso zis, khaws cia, thiab tswj. Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev nrog keeb kwm ntev.
10. Lub tshuab kuaj kab mob lom
Biological microscopes yog siv los soj ntsuam thiab kawm txog cov kab mob lom neeg, cov kab mob lom neeg, cov kab mob, kab lis kev cai nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, dej nag, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lwm yam khoom pob tshab los yog cov pob tshab, hmoov, cov khoom zoo thiab lwm yam khoom. Biological microscopes kuj tseem tsim nyog cov cuab yeej tshuaj xyuas rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov chaw ua dej haus kom ua tau ntawv pov thawj QS thiab HACCP.
