Npaj thiab soj ntsuam cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg rau electron microscopy
Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob nyob ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb siv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob pib tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1933 yog vim kev siv lub wavelength luv luv dua li qhov pom lub teeb ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob ua lub teeb pom kev, yog li ntawd qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm nws. tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau dua li qhov kho qhov muag microscope zoo heev. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb kuj txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag.
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv duab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qauv ntawm txoj kev sib txawv, niaj hnub electron microscope tau tsim los ua ntau hom, tam sim no * feem ntau siv yog kis tau tus mob electron microscope thiab scanning electron. microscope, tus qub tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1,000-1,000,000 lub sij hawm tag nrho qhov loj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov magnification ntawm { {4}}, 000 npaug ntawm tag nrho qhov loj ntawm cov kev hloov pauv ntawm. Qhov kev sim no tsom mus rau kev npaj cov qauv rau ob hom microscopes, kis electron microscope thiab scanning electron microscope.
Khoom siv
1. Strain Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli) slant.
2. tshuaj los yog reagents Amyl acetate, concentrated sulfuric acid, anhydrous ethanol, sterile dej, 2% sodium phosphotungstic acid (pH 6.5-80) aqueous tov, 0.3% polyvinyl formaldehyde (dissolved hauv trichloromethane), cytochrome c, ammonium acetate, plasmid pBR322.
3. Cov cuab yeej lossis lwm yam khoom siv Ordinary optical microscope, tooj liab mesh, porcelain funnel, beaker, tiaj tus tais, sterile burette, sterile tweezers, lancet, slides, ** suav phaj, lub tshuab nqus tsev coater, lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam.
Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm
(I) Kev npaj ua piv txwv thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev sib kis ntawm electron microscopy
1. Kev kho cov hlau mesh
Cov qauv rau optical microscopy yog muab tso rau ntawm cov slides rau kev soj ntsuam. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xa xov hluav taws xob microscopy, vim tias cov hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv daim iav, tsuas yog cov khoom siv mesh tuaj yeem siv los ua tus nqa khoom, feem ntau hu ua cov khoom mesh. Cov khoom nqa mesh tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau yam tshwj xeeb vim yog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov duab, ntawm qhov * feem ntau siv yog 200-400 mesh (tus naj npawb ntawm qhov) tooj liab mesh. Copper mesh yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej siv kom tshem tawm cov av ntawm nws thiab ua kom huv si, txwv tsis pub nws yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm kev txhawb nqa zaj duab xis thiab qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov duab kos. Cov tooj liab mesh siv hauv qhov kev sim no yog 400 mesh, uas tuaj yeem kho tau raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, tshuaj dawb nrog amyl acetate rau ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd yaug nws nrog dej distilled rau ob peb zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tshuaj dawb rau hauv anhydrous ethanol rau. lub cev qhuav dej. Yog hais tias cov tooj liab mesh los ntawm txoj kev saum toj no tseem tsis huv, tuaj yeem siv rau dilute concentrated sulfuric acid (1: 1) raus hauv 1 ~ 2 feeb, lossis hauv 1% NaOH tov boiled rau ob peb feeb, yaug ob peb zaug nrog dej distilled. , muab tso rau hauv anhydrous ethanol lub cev qhuav dej, yuav tsum tau siv.
2. Kev npaj zaj duab xis txhawb nqa
Nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev soj ntsuam, nyob rau hauv cov cab kuj yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm unstructured, uniform films, txwv tsis pub cov qauv me me yuav xau tawm ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub cab kuj network, cov txheej ntawm cov zaj duab xis yog feem ntau hu ua cov kev txhawb nqa zaj duab xis los yog carrier zaj duab xis. Cov zaj duab xis txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog pob tshab rau electrons, thiab nws cov thickness feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 20nm; nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob, cov yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsum muaj qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv, thiab muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo; Tsis tas li ntawd, lub network txhawb nqa yuav tsum tsis muaj cov qauv pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov qauv nqa, thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv, thiab nws cov tuab feem ntau yog li 15nm. Cov zaj duab xis txhawb nqa tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov yas zaj duab xis (xws li hluav taws xob paj rwb zaj duab xis, polyethylene formaldehyde zaj duab xis, thiab lwm yam), carbon zaj duab xis los yog hlau zaj duab xis (xws li beryllium zaj duab xis, thiab lwm yam). Raws li kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, cov kev xav tau tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov yas zaj duab xis, thaum kev npaj cov yas zaj duab xis hauv cov hluav taws kub paj rwb nplaum zaj duab xis yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis lub zog tsis muaj zog li polyethylene formaldehyde zaj duab xis.
