Polarizing Microscopes: Basic Principles & Yam ntxwv
1, Cov yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscope: Polarization microscope yog ib hom kab mob uas siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem pom meej meej raws li lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem pom tau siv txoj kev staining, tab sis qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tau thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscope yog txoj kev hloov lub teeb zoo tib yam rau hauv lub teeb polarized rau daim iav tshuaj xyuas, txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom yog birefringent (isotropic) lossis birefringent (anisotropic). Birefringence yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov muaju. Yog li ntawd, polarizing microscopes yog dav siv nyob rau hauv teb xws li minerals thiab chemistry. Hauv biology, ntau cov qauv kuj muaj birefringence, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov polarizing microscopes kom paub qhov txawv. Hauv botany, xws li txheeb xyuas cov fibers, chromosomes, spindles, starch granules, cell phab ntsa, thiab seb puas muaj cov muaju muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Hauv cov nroj tsuag pathology, kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo polarized. Polarized microscopy feem ntau yog siv rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj cov kev tshawb fawb los txheeb xyuas cov pob txha, cov hniav, cov roj cholesterol, cov hlab ntsha, cov qog hlwb, cov nqaij ntshiv, thiab cov plaub hau.
2, Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm polarizing microscope: (1) Monorefractive thiab birefringence: Thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm cov khoom, yog tias lub zog thiab txoj kev ntawm lub teeb tsis hloov vim qhov kev taw qhia ntawm irradiation, cov khoom no muaj "isotropy" hauv optics, tseem hu ua ib lub cev refractive, xws li cov pa roj, kua, thiab amorphous solids; Yog tias lub teeb dhau los ntawm lwm yam khoom, nws qhov nrawm, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas pom, nqus, thiab qhov kev vibration thiab amplitude ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm qhov muag sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm irradiation, cov khoom no muaj "anisotropy" hauv optics, tseem hu ua lub cev birefringent, xws li cov muaju, fibers, thiab lwm yam. polarization. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub teeb ntuj yog tias nws muaj ntau qhov chaw vibration ntawm txoj kab ntsug ntawm lub teeb yoj propagation, thiab qhov amplitude thiab zaus ntawm kev co ntawm txhua lub dav hlau yog tib yam; Lub teeb ntuj tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub teeb nthwv dej uas vibrate nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia los ntawm kev xav, refraction, birefringence, thiab nqus, thiab lub teeb yoj hom no hu ua "polarized light" lossis "polarized light". * Yooj yim muab, nws yog linearly polarized lub teeb uas vibrates nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev birefringent, nws muab faib ua ob hom linearly polarized teeb, A thiab B, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Cov kev taw qhia kev vibration ntawm ob yog nyob rau ib leeg, tab sis qhov tshaj tawm, qhov taw qhia qhov taw qhia, thiab lub wavelength sib txawv.
