Microscope lens tsis thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm microscopic imaging
Aberration yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov duab zoo, thiab muaj rau ntau hom aberrations:
Pob sib txawv:
Ib tug monochromatic conical beam emitted los ntawm ib tug tej yam taw tes ntawm lub ntsiab axis ntawm lub optical system. Tom qab raug refracted los ntawm optical series, yog hais tias tus thawj beam ntawm lub teeb nrog txawv aperture ces kaum tsis tuaj yeem sib tshuam ntawm tib txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab axis, los yog txawm tsim ib tug diffuse lub teeb qhov chaw (feem ntau hu ua ib tug plooj voj voog) ntawm lub zoo tagnrho daim duab dav hlau nyob rau hauv. lub ntsiab axis, cov duab yuam kev ntawm no optical system yog hu ua spherical aberration.
Kev txawj ntse txawv:
Yog hais tias ib tug monochromatic conical beam ntawm lub teeb emissions los ntawm ib tug taw tes sab nraum lub ntsiab axis ntawm lub kho qhov muag system yog refracted los ntawm lub kho qhov muag series thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib tug meej point ntawm lub zoo tagnrho cov duab dav hlau, tab sis es tsis txhob ua ib tug comet zoo li qhov chaw nrog ib tug kaj tail, imaging yuam kev ntawm no optical system hu ua coma.
Astigmatism:
Lub oblique monochromatic conical beam emitted los ntawm ib tug taw tes nyob rau sab nraum lub ntsiab axis ntawm lub kho qhov muag system tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov duab pom tseeb tom qab raug refracted los ntawm optical series, tab sis tsuas yog tsim ib qho chaw diffuse. Qhov kev ua yuam kev ntawm qhov kho qhov muag no hu ua astigmatism.
Suab paj nruag:
Daim duab meej tsim los ntawm kev kho qhov muag ntawm ib lub dav hlau khoom perpendicular mus rau lub ntsiab axis, yog hais tias nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau perpendicular mus rau lub ntsiab axis, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug nkhaus nto symmetrical txog lub ntsiab axis, piv txwv li, qhov nyiam duab nto yog ib tug nkhaus nto symmetrical. curved nto, ces qhov yuam kev imaging ntawm no optical system hu ua teb curvature. Thaum cov duab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov screen yog qhov tseeb, cov duab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vijtsam yog qhov muag plooj; Thaum cov duab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vijtsam tsom mus txog thaum nws pom tseeb, cov duab hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov screen pib plooj dua.
Xim txawv:
Ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb dawb yog tawm los ntawm ib qho khoom dawb mus rau hauv qhov muag pom, thiab tom qab raug refracted los ntawm qhov kho qhov muag, lub teeb xim tsis tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ntawm ib qho chaw, tsim cov duab xim xim hu ua chromatic aberration. Qhov laj thawj ntawm cov xim sib txawv yog tias tib lub iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov sib txawv refractive indices rau txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb, nrog ntau dua refractive indices rau luv yoj lub teeb thiab qis refractive indices rau ntev yoj lub teeb.
Distortion:
Cov duab yuam kev ntawm lub tshuab kho qhov muag yog hu ua distortion thaum ib txoj kab ncaj nraim sab nraum lub ntsiab ntawm lub dav hlau yuav dhau los ua ib qho nkhaus tom qab tau duab los ntawm qhov kho qhov muag. Aberration tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov duab geometric ntawm cov duab thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau nws qhov tseeb. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, coma, astigmatism, thiab daim teb curvature.
Thaum ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm lub lens, peb feem ntau txiav txim siab nws raws li ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo xws li kev daws teeb meem, qhov ntse, thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev daws teeb meem:
Kuj tseem hu ua kev ntxub ntxaug lossis kev daws teeb meem, nws hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub lens kom paub meej qhov txawv ntawm fiber ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog vim li cas rau txwv qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub lens yog qhov txawv txav ntawm lub teeb, uas yog qhov chaw diffraction (Airy spot). Chav tsev ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog kab khub ib millimeter.
