Taw qhia txog kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob microscope qauv microscope
Microscope yog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas tsim los ntawm lub lens lossis kev sib txuas ntawm ob peb lo ntsiab muag, uas yog ib qho cim qhia tias tib neeg tau nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog atomic. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los nthuav cov khoom me me rau hauv cov cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tib neeg qhov muag liab qab.
Microscope qauv
Optical microscope muaj ib lub qhov muag, lub hom phiaj lens, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntxhib, lub ntsej muag tsom zoo, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, lub qhov muag, lub qhov muag, lub qhov muag, lub converter, lub reflector, ib qho khoom theem, lub lens caj npab, lub lens chim. , lub rooj zaum lens, condenser thiab aperture.
Microscope daws teeb meem
D=0.61λ/N*sin(/2)
D: daws teeb meem
λ: wavelength ntawm lub teeb ci
: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hom phiaj lens (lub kaum sab xis qhib ntawm cov qauv los ntawm ib qho taw tes ntawm qhov kho qhov muag axis mus rau lub hom phiaj lens)
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem, peb tuaj yeem: 1. Txo λ, piv txwv li, siv lub teeb ultraviolet ua lub teeb ci; 2. nce n, piv txwv li, muab tso rau hauv qab asphalt; 3. Nce, uas yog, txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab cov qauv kom ntau li ntau tau.
Microscopic kev faib tawm
Microscopes tuaj yeem muab faib ua optical microscopes, electronic microscopes thiab digital microscopes raws li cov qauv hauv microscopic.
optical microscope
Feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Undoubtedly, qhov kho qhov muag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas muaj lub ntsej muag thiab lub hom phiaj lens. Thaum ntxov li 1590, Dutch thiab Italian tsom iav manufacturers tau tsim cov cuab yeej magnifying zoo ib yam li microscopes. Muaj ntau hom optical microscopes, feem ntau suav nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo (zoo tib yam siv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag), tsaus nti microscope, fluorescence microscope, theem sib piv microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, polarizing microscope, sib txawv cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv microscope thiab inverted microscope.
electron microscope
Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws rau lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm nthuav dav thiab daws teeb meem ntau dua li qhov kho qhov muag microscope. Nws siv electron flow raws li lub teeb tshiab los ua duab cov khoom. Txij li thaum Ruska tau tsim thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 1938, ntxiv rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv nws tus kheej, ntau lwm hom electron microscopes tau tsim. Xws li scanning electron microscope, analytical electron microscope, ultra-high pressure electron microscope, thiab lwm yam. Ua ke nrog ntau yam electron microscope qauv npaj cov tswv yim, peb tuaj yeem kawm cov qauv lossis kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv hauv ntau yam. Microscopes yog siv los soj ntsuam cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm biology, tshuaj thiab cov khoom me me. Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua kom pom qhov khoom mus txog 2 lab lub sijhawm.
Desktop microscope, feem ntau yog hais txog lub tshuab tsom iav ib txwm siv, yog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntshiab, nrog kev nthuav dav siab thiab zoo imaging zoo, tab sis nws yog feem ntau loj thiab tsis yooj yim txav, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv chav kuaj, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev tawm mus los yog nyob rau hauv- nrhiav qhov chaw.
Portable microscope
Portable microscope yog ib qho kev txuas ntxiv ntawm digital microscope thiab video microscope series tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj, lub koob yees duab ntawm tes yog txhua qhov kev nthuav dav digital, uas feem ntau nrhiav kev txav mus los, compactness thiab exquisiteness, thiab yog yooj yim rau nqa; Thiab qee lub koob yees duab tuav tes muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntxaij vab tshaus, uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm lub tshuab computer, uas yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua ke qee qhov kev ua haujlwm digital, xws li kev txhawb nqa kev yees duab, yees duab, lossis duab sib piv thiab ntsuas.
Cov kua siv lead ua kua digital microscope yog thawj zaug tsim thiab tsim los ntawm Boyu Company. Lub tshuab ntsuas no khaws cia qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, thiab sib koom ua ke qhov zoo ntawm qhov muaj zog nthuav dav ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas digital, kev paub txog cov duab yees duab microscope thiab simplicity thiab yooj yim ntawm portable microscope.
STM
Scanning tunneling microscope, tseem hu ua "scanning tunneling microscope" thiab "tunneling scanning microscope", yog ib qho cuab yeej uas siv cov nyhuv tunneling hauv quantum txoj kev xav los tshawb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Nws tau tsim los ntawm G. Gerd G.Binning thiab H. heinrich H.Rohrer hauv 1981 ntawm IBM's Zurich laboratory hauv Zurich, Switzerland, yog li ob tus neeg tsim khoom tau sib koom xyoo 1986 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics nrog Ernst ruska.
Raws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lub tshuab kuaj kab mob, lub tshuab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam thiab nrhiav pom ib qho atom, thiab nws muaj kev daws teeb meem siab dua li nws cov atomic force microscope. Tsis tas li ntawd, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tuaj yeem raug kho cov atoms nrog cov lus qhia sojntsuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (4K), yog li nws yog ob qho tib si ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv nanotechnology.
