Lub oscilloscope muaj 3 qhov chaw: phom electron, deflection system thiab fluorescent screen.
(1) Electron phom
Cov phom hluav taws xob yog siv los tsim thiab tsim kom muaj kev kub ceev, poly-beam electron flow, los foob pob hluav taws xob tshuaj ntsuam kom nws tawm lub teeb. Nws yog tsim los ntawm filament F, cathode K, tswj ncej G, thawj anode A1, qhov thib ob anode A2. Ntxiv nrog rau cov filament, cov qauv ntawm cov khoom seem electrodes yog hlau thooj voos kheej kheej, thiab lawv cov axes yog khaws cia rau tib lub axis. Tom qab lub cathode yog rhuab, nws muaj peev xwm emit electrons raws axis; tus ncej tswj yog qhov tsis zoo uas muaj peev xwm txheeb ze rau cathode, thiab hloov lub peev xwm tuaj yeem hloov cov naj npawb ntawm cov electrons dhau los ntawm qhov me me ntawm tus ncej tswj, uas yog, tswj qhov ci ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm lub vijtsam fluorescent. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub vijtsam, tsis tas yuav txo qhov rhiab ntawm electron beam deflection, niaj hnub oscilloscope, nruab nrab ntawm deflection system thiab fluorescent screen kuj ntxiv ib lub rear accelerating electrode A3.
Ib qho hluav taws xob zoo ntawm ntau pua volts yog siv rau thawj anode nrog rau cathode. Ib qho hluav taws xob zoo dua li ntawm thawj anode yog siv rau qhov thib ob anode. Cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm lub qhov me me hauv cov ncej tswj tau nrawm dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm thawj thiab thib ob anodes thiab txav ntawm kev kub ceev nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub fluorescent screen. Vim yog tus nqi ntawm tib lub cev kev sib deev repulsion, lub teeb hluav taws xob yuav maj mam nthuav tawm. Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm thawj anode thiab thib ob anode, cov hluav taws xob tau rov ua dua thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm ib qho chaw. Kev tswj kom tsim nyog ntawm qhov loj me ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj anode thiab thib ob anode, koj tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb tsuas yog poob rau ntawm lub vijtsam fluorescent, uas qhia qhov kaj me me. Hloov lub peev xwm sib txawv ntawm thawj anode thiab qhov thib ob anode, tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb, uas yog oscilloscope's "focus" thiab "auxiliary focus" hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov. Qhov thib peb anode yog lub oscilloscope lub khob hliav qab coated nrog ib txheej ntawm graphite tsim, feem ntau muaj ib tug high voltage, nws muaj peb lub luag hauj lwm: ① los ntawm deflection system tom qab lub electrons yog ntxiv speeds, thiaj li hais tias cov electrons muaj txaus lub zog los bombard lub screen hauv. kom tau txais qhov ci ci txaus; ② graphite txheej coated hauv lub khob hliav qab, tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv; ③ foob pob ntawm lub vijtsam los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob yuav tsim cov hluav taws xob thib ob, ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm A3 tuaj yeem nqus tau cov electrons. nqus cov electrons.
(2) deflection system
Oscilloscope deflection system feem ntau yog electrostatic deflection, uas muaj ob khub ntawm kev sib nrig sib txuas ntawm cov hlau phaj, feem, hu ua kab rov tav deflection phaj thiab ntsug deflection phaj. Raws li tswj kev txav ntawm cov nqaj hlau electron nyob rau hauv kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Thaum cov hluav taws xob txav ntawm cov phaj deflector, yog tias tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob siv rau cov phaj deflector thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm daim hlau, cov hluav taws xob uas nkag mus rau hauv qhov deflection system tom qab tawm ntawm qhov thib ob anode yuav txav mus rau hauv axial kev taw qhia thiab tua mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov screen. Yog tias muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub phaj deflector, muaj qhov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm daim hlau deflector, thiab cov hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv lub deflection system yuav raug tua mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub fluorescent screen nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm deflecting hluav taws xob teb.
Yog hais tias ob daim hlau deflector yog sib npaug rau ib leeg thiab lawv qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm sib npaug li xoom, ces cov kab hluav taws xob hla ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov phaj deflector nrog tshaj tawm υ yuav txav mus rau qhov qub kev taw qhia (teeb rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm axis) thiab ntaus lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub coordinates ntawm lub fluorescent screen. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv tsis tu ncua ntawm ob daim hlau deflector, ces lub phaj deflector ntawm qhov tsim ntawm hluav taws xob teb, hluav taws xob teb thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm cov electrons perpendicular mus rau kev taw qhia, yog li cov electrons yuav deflected rau. lub phaj deflector nrog lub peev xwm ntau dua. Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob daim hlau deflector, cov electrons txav tangentially raws parabola ntawm qhov no. Thaum kawg, cov electron tsaws ntawm point A ntawm lub vijtsam phosphor, uas yog qee qhov deb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub vijtsam (0), thiab qhov kev ncua deb no hu ua deflection, denoted los ntawm y. Lub deflection y yog proportional rau qhov voltage Vy siv rau lub phaj deflector. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum DC voltage ntxiv rau kab rov tav deflection phaj, qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws tshwm sim, tshwj tsis yog tias qhov taw tes ntawm lub teeb yog deflected nyob rau hauv txoj kab rov tav.
(3) Fluorescent Screen
Lub vijtsam fluorescent nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm oscilloscope, thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog los tso saib cov kab hluav taws xob deflected rau kev soj ntsuam. Sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub oscilloscope lub fluorescent screen yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm luminescent khoom, thiaj li hais tias cov chaw ntawm lub screen uas muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm high-ceev electrons qhia fluorescence. Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov chaw yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus lej thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob thiab nws qhov ceev. Hloov qhov voltage ntawm tus ncej tswj, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub electron beam yuav hloov, lub brightness ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw yuav hloov. Hauv kev siv oscilloscopes, nws tsis pom zoo kom cia lub teeb ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv lub oscilloscope fluorescent screen nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm, txwv tsis pub lub point ntawm cov khoom fluorescent yuav raug hlawv vim lub sij hawm ntev ntawm electrons, yog li poob. muaj peev xwm emit teeb.
Coated nrog cov tshuaj fluorescent sib txawv ntawm lub vijtsam fluorescent, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob yuav pom cov xim sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab, feem ntau yog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov teeb liab waveforms nrog lub teeb ntsuab, yog lub afterglow oscilloscope, rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov tsis-periodic thiab. low-frequency signals nrog lub txiv kab ntxwv-daj teeb, yog ib tug ntev afterglow oscilloscope; rau cov duab oscilloscope, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv luv luv afterglow oscilloscope nrog cov plaub hau xiav.
