Electron Microscope Optical Microscope Imaging Principple Similarities and Differences
Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob yog ib qho cuab yeej uas siv cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis siv lub teeb ci thiab cov tsom iav kho qhov muag kom pom cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov loj heev raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electron optics.
Lub zog daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus uas nws tuaj yeem daws tau. Hauv xyoo 1970s, kis tau tus mob electron microscopes muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.3 nanometers (qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag yog li 0.1 millimeters). Tam sim no qhov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 3 lab lub sijhawm, thaum qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag yog li 2000 lub sijhawm, yog li cov atoms ntawm qee cov hlau hnyav thiab cov txheej txheem atomic lattices hauv cov siv lead ua tuaj yeem pom ncaj qha los ntawm electron microscope. .
Nyob rau hauv 1931, Knorr-Bremse thiab Ruska ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees refitted ib tug high-voltage oscilloscope nrog ib tug txias cathode tawm electron qhov chaw thiab peb electron lo ntsiab muag, thiab tau ib tug duab magnified ntau tshaj kaum zaus, uas tau lees tias muaj peev xwm ntawm electron microscope magnified imaging. Xyoo 1932, tom qab Ruska txoj kev txhim kho, kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau mus txog 50 nanometers, kwv yees li kaum npaug ntawm lub zog daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, yog li lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob pib tau txais tib neeg lub siab.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940s, Hill hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv lub astigmatizer los them nyiaj rau kev sib hloov asymmetry ntawm lub lens electron, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tshiab hauv kev daws lub zog ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab maj mam mus txog qib niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, ib tug kis tau tus mob electron microscope tau ntse tsim nyob rau hauv 1958 nrog ib tug daws teeb meem ntawm 3 nanometers, thiab nyob rau hauv 1979 muaj ib tug loj electron microscope nrog ib tug daws teeb meem ntawm 0.3 nanometers.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tau zoo dua li ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob vim tias lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab cov irradiation ntawm electron beam kuj yuav ua rau cov qauv lom. raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob. Lwm yam teeb meem, xws li kev txhim kho qhov ci ntawm rab phom electron thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub lens electron, kuj yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv.
Kev daws lub zog yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia ntawm electron microscopy, uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub khob hliav qab thiab lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob hla ntawm cov qauv. Lub wavelength ntawm pom lub teeb yog hais txog {{0}}} nanometers, thaum lub wavelength ntawm electron beams muaj feem xyuam rau lub accelerating voltage. Thaum qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nrawm yog 50-100 kV, lub teeb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob wavelength yog li 0.0053-0.0037 nanometers. Txij li thaum lub wavelength ntawm lub electron beam yog ntau me dua lub wavelength ntawm pom lub teeb, txawm yog hais tias lub khob hliav qab ntawm lub electron beam tsuas yog 1 feem pua ntawm cov optical microscope, lub zog daws teeb meem ntawm lub electron microscope tseem nyob deb superior rau qhov ntawd. ntawm optical microscope.
