Qhov txawv ntawm pH thiab Alkalinity yog dab tsi?
1. Lub tswv yim ntawm pH
Tus nqi pH, tseem hu ua hydrogen ion concentration Performance index thiab acid-base tus nqi, yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm hydrogen ion kev ua hauv cov tshuaj, uas kuj yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub niaj zaus kev nkag siab. Lub "H" hauv "pH" sawv cev rau hydrogen ion (H ntxiv), thiab muaj ntau txoj kev xav txog qhov chaw ntawm "p". Lub tswv yim ntawm kev hais txog lub ntiaj teb tshuaj yog ntxiv p nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov dimensionless kom muaj nuj nqis los sawv cev rau qhov tsis zoo logarithm ntawm qhov ntau.
Tus nqi pH yog qhov tseeb "logarithmic unit". Txhua tus lej sawv cev rau 10-fold hloov hauv acidity ntawm cov dej. Dej nrog pH ntawm 5 yog sib npaug rau 10 npaug li acidic li dej nrog pH ntawm 6.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab, cov tshuaj aqueous nrog pH =7 (xws li: dej ntshiab yog nruab nrab, vim tias cov khoom ntawm cov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions thiab hydroxide ions ib txwm ionized los ntawm dej ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab (cov khoom ion dej) Qhov tsis tu ncua yog ib txwm 1 × 10-14, thiab qhov concentration ntawm ob ions yog 1 × 10-7mol. Tus nqi pH tsawg dua 7, qhia tias qhov concentration ntawm H ntxiv yog ntau dua. hais tias ntawm OH-, yog li cov tshuaj muaj zog acidic, thiab tus nqi pH yog ntau dua 7. Nws txhais tau hais tias H ntxiv Cov concentration ntawm OH- tsawg dua li ntawm OH-, yog li cov tshuaj yog heev alkaline. Yog li ntawd, qhov me me. tus nqi pH, qhov muaj zog acidity ntawm cov tshuaj; qhov siab dua pH, lub zog alkalinity ntawm cov tshuaj.
2. Lub tswv yim ntawm alkalinity
Alkalinity yog hais txog tag nrho cov khoom hauv dej uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog acids. Xws li cov khoom muaj xws li cov hauv paus muaj zog, tsis muaj zog hauv paus, muaj zog hauv paus thiab tsis muaj ntsev ntsev, thiab lwm yam. Alkalinity nyob rau hauv cov dej ntuj feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm bicarbonate (bicarbonate, bicarbonate, tib yam hauv qab no), carbonate thiab hydroxide, uas bicarbonate yog lub ntsiab ntawm alkalinity nyob rau hauv dej. Cov pa phem uas ua rau alkalinity feem ntau yog cov dej khib nyiab tawm ntawm kev lag luam xws li papermaking, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, thiab electroplating, thiab poob ntawm detergents, chiv, thiab tshuaj tua kab thaum siv.
Alkalinity thiab acidity yog cov cim tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab dej zoo thiab tswj cov dej khib nyiab. Alkalinity feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas lub peev xwm buffering ntawm lub cev dej thiab solubility thiab toxicity ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv nws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov alkalinity feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv engineering, uas yog feem ntau tus yam ntxwv raws li cov concentration tus nqi sib npaug rau calcium carbonate.
3. Qhov sib txawv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm pH thiab alkalinity
Los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev pom, pH thiab alkalinity tsis yog tib yam, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tseeb kuj txawv. Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm pH thiab alkalinity. Dej (los yog cov kev daws teeb meem) nrog tib alkalinity tej zaum yuav tsis tas muaj tib tus nqi pH. Hloov pauv, dej (los yog cov kev daws teeb meem) nrog tib tus nqi pH tsis tas yuav muaj tib lub alkalinity.
Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas tus nqi pH ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm H ntxiv lossis OH- hauv dej, thaum lub alkalinity tsis tsuas yog OH-, tab sis kuj yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm alkaline tshuaj xws li CO3-2 thiab HCO{{3} }. Piv txwv li: NaOH tov nrog alkalinity ntawm 0.1mol/L, pH=13; NH3-H2O tov nrog alkalinity ntawm 0.1mol/L, pH{11}}; NaHCO3 tov nrog alkalinity ntawm 0.1mol/L, pH{15}}.3.
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus meej ntawm alkalinity thiab pH qhov tseem ceeb, hauv kev xyaum, qhov siab dua alkalinity, siab dua qhov sib thooj pH; qhov qis alkalinity, qhov qis dua qhov sib thooj pH; qhov siab dua qhov alkalinity, qhov siab dua qhov sib thooj pH Qhov ntau dua qhov kev pab cuam; Qhov qis dua alkalinity, qhov qis dua lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj pH!
