Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ze-field optical microscopy thiab far-field microscopy
Dab tsi yog qhov ze-field optical microscope?
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis mus rau qhov chaw me me thiab qhov qis qis, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev sojntsuam microscopy thev naus laus zis, kev sib koom ua haujlwm tshiab - ze-tsav optics tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm optics. Ze ntawm thaj chaw optics tau hloov pauv qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag ib txwm muaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib hom tshiab ntawm qhov ze-tsawg scanning optical microscope (NSOM), tseem hu ua SNOM, tau nthuav dav tib neeg txoj kev pom los ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb rau ntau kaum ntawm wavelengths, uas yog, nanoscale. Nyob rau hauv qhov ze-field optical microscopy, lub lens nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yog hloov los ntawm ib tug me me optical sojntsuam, uas nws lub ntsis aperture yog ntau me dua lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb.
Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo 1928, Synge tau npaj siab tias kev daws teeb meem ultra-siab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev teeb pom kev teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm lub qhov me me nrog qhov aperture ntawm 10nm mus rau tus qauv nrog qhov nrug ntawm 10nm, luam theej duab thiab khaws cov teeb liab hauv thaj tsam micro ntawm ib kauj ruam loj. ua 10nm. Nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia no intuitive, Synge tau hais meej meej txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub nyob ze-tsawg optical microscopes.
Xyoo 1970, Tshauv thiab Nicholls tau siv lub tswv yim ntawm thaj chaw ze kom ua tiav ob sab duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm K / 60 hauv microwave band (K=3cm). Xyoo 1983, BM Zurich Research Center tau ua tiav kev npaj nanoscale optical pores ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov hlau coated quartz muaju. Siv tunneling tam sim no raws li kev tawm tswv yim ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam thiab cov qauv, tau txais cov duab ultra-siab kho qhov muag ntawm K / 20. Lub zog tsav tsheb rau ze-tsav optics kom nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib ntau dua los ntawm AT&T Bell Lab. Xyoo 1991, Betzig et al. ua high-throughput conical optical qhov siv kho qhov muag fibers, tso hlau nyias zaj duab xis rau sab, thiab siv ib tug tshwj xeeb shear quab yuam sojntsuam qauv spacing tswj txoj kev. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog nce cov photon flux los ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj, tab sis kuj tau muab txoj hauv kev ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev soj ntsuam kev pom zoo hauv ntau yam xws li biology, chemistry, magneto-optical domains, high- Cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev, thiab cov khoom siv quantum siv ze-field optical microscopy. Qhov hu ua ze-field optics yog txheeb ze rau qhov chaw nyob deb. Ib txwm siv optical theories, xws li geometric optics thiab lub cev optics, feem ntau tsuas yog kawm txog kev faib cov teeb pom kev deb ntawm lub teeb lossis cov khoom, feem ntau hu ua far-field optics. Far field optics muaj qhov kev txwv nyob deb ntawm txoj cai, uas txwv qhov kev daws teeb meem tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov cim cim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thaum siv cov qauv kev kho qhov muag nyob deb rau microscopy thiab lwm yam kev siv kho qhov muag. Ze ntawm thaj chaw optics kawm txog kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb pom kev nyob rau hauv ib lub wavelength ntau los ntawm lub teeb los yog khoom. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov ze-tsawg optics, qhov kev txwv deb ntawm qhov deb tau tawg, thiab qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis txwv nyob rau hauv txoj cai thiab tuaj yeem ua me me infinitely. Yog li ntawd, raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ze-tsav optics, kho qhov muag daws teeb meem ntawm microscopic imaging thiab lwm yam kev siv kho qhov muag tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag raws li nyob ze-tso kho qhov muag thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib nanometer, tawg los ntawm kev txwv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsoos optics. Qhov no yuav muab kev ua haujlwm muaj zog, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas, thiab cov cuab yeej siv rau ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhim kho nanotechnology. Tam sim no, nyob ze-thaj chaw scanning optical microscopes thiab ze-field spectrometers raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrhiav pom tau siv nyob rau hauv cov teb xws li physics, biology, chemistry, thiab cov ntaub ntawv science, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov scope yog tas li nthuav; Lwm daim ntawv thov raws li nyob ze-tseem optics, xws li nanolithography thiab ultra-high density ze-field optical cia, nanooptical Cheebtsam, thiab kev ntes thiab manipulation ntawm nanoscale hais, kuj tau nyiam cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntau.
Dhau li hu ua microscopes, tsis muaj ntau qhov zoo sib xws.
Ua ntej, thiab qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws, qhov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv. Far field microscopy, tseem hu ua kev kho qhov muag microscopy, yog txwv los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub dhau, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov duab kom meej meej hauv thaj chaw me dua lub teeb ntawm lub teeb; Thiab nyob ze-thaj microscopy tuaj yeem ua tiav cov duab pom tseeb.
Qhov thib ob, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus txawv. Far field microscopy siv qhov kev xav thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas lo ntsiab muag; Nyob rau hauv qhov ze-tsav, kev sojntsuam yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais cov teeb liab kho qhov muag los ntawm kev sib txuas thiab hloov pauv ntawm evanescent thiab kis tau tus mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nyuaj thiab tus nqi ntawm cov twj paj nruag, thiab lwm yam,
