Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm electron microscope thiab optical microscope hauv kev soj ntsuam cov khoom?
Optical microscopes yog qhov txawv ntawm electron microscopes, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag, cov qauv duab sib txawv, cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob, thiab cov qauv kev npaj sib txawv. Optical microscope, feem ntau hu ua lub teeb microscope, yog lub tshuab microscope uas siv lub teeb pom kev zoo li lub teeb pom kev zoo. Optical microscope yog ib qho cuab yeej kho qhov muag uas siv cov ntsiab lus kho qhov muag kom nthuav dav thiab duab cov khoom me me uas tsis tuaj yeem txawv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, kom tib neeg tuaj yeem rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv microstructure. Nws yog dav siv hauv cell biology. Lub tshuab kho qhov muag feem ntau muaj cov theem, lub teeb pom kev zoo condenser, lub hom phiaj lens, lub qhov muag thiab lub ntsej muag tsom. Cov theem yog siv los tuav cov khoom kom pom. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug tsav los ntawm lub pob qhov rooj tsom kom ua rau theem txav txav mus los yog ua kom zoo, kom cov khoom pom tau pom meej meej. Cov duab tsim los ntawm optical microscope yog ib daim duab inverted (upside down, sab laug thiab txoj cai interchanged). Electron microscopes yog qhov chaw yug ntawm cov khoom siv high-end. Lawv zoo ib yam li optical microscopes peb feem ntau siv, tab sis lawv txawv heev ntawm optical microscopes. Ua ntej, optical microscopes siv lub teeb ci. Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm ob qhov sib txawv, thiab qhov kev nthuav dav sib txawv. Piv txwv li, thaum soj ntsuam ib lub xovtooj, lub teeb microscope tsuas pom lub xovtooj ntawm tes thiab qee cov organelles, xws li mitochondria thiab chloroplasts, tab sis tsuas yog lub neej ntawm nws cov hlwb tuaj yeem pom, tab sis cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov organelles tsis tuaj yeem pom. Electron microscopes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem pom cov qauv zoo ntawm organelles hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab txawm tias macromolecules zoo li cov proteins. Electron microscopes muaj xws li kis tau tus mob electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, reflection electron microscopes, thiab emission electron microscopes. Ntawm lawv, scanning electron microscopy yog siv ntau dua. Scanning electron microscopy yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam thiab kev tshawb fawb, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv fracture tsom, micro-chaw muaj pes tsawg leeg tsom xam, nto morphology tsom xam ntawm ntau yam coatings, txheej thickness ntsuas thiab microstructure morphology thiab nanomaterial tsom xam. Ua ke nrog X-ray diffractometer los yog electron zog spectrometer, nws yog ib tug electron microprobe, uas yog siv rau cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg tsom xam, thiab lwm yam. Scanning Electron Microscope, abbreviated li SEC, yog ib yam tshiab ntawm electron optical ntsuas. Nws muaj peb ntu: lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov duab kos duab. Nws siv ntau lub cev lub cev muaj zog txaus siab los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob los kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv los hloov kho cov duab. Qhov xwm txheej electrons ua rau cov hluav taws xob thib ob zoo siab los ntawm cov qauv saum npoo. Dab tsi ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav pom yog cov hluav taws xob tawg los ntawm txhua qhov taw tes, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob scintillation tso rau ib sab ntawm cov qauv tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thib ob, thiab hloov kho qhov siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb duab raj tom qab amplification los hloov qhov ci ntawm qhov screen ntawm daim duab. cev. Lub deflection yoke ntawm daim duab tube khaws cia synchronously nrog lub electron beam ntawm tus qauv nto, kom lub phosphor screen ntawm daim duab raj qhia cov duab topographic ntawm tus qauv nto. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj cov qauv yooj yim, kho kom zoo nkauj, ntau yam, siab duab daws teeb meem thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov loj. Daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob: 1. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv lead ua tsis xws luag. Tag nrho cov qauv uas ua kom puas lub sij hawm ib txwm lattice yog sib sau ua ke hu ua crystal defects, xws li chaw ua hauj lwm, dislocations, grain ciam teb, thiab precipitates. Cov qauv no uas rhuav tshem lub sij hawm ntawm lub lattice yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw diffraction ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag nyob, yog li ntawd qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo yog qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw ib txwm muaj, yog li ntawd. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ci thiab qhov tsaus ntuj yog tshwm sim ntawm lub vijtsam phosphor. 2. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub koom haum. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau yam tsis xws luag, cov qauv sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim tau, los ntawm cov qauv thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov siv lead ua tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thaum saib cov microstructure. 3. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw soj ntsuam. Nrog rau cov qauv coj mus kuaj, hauv qhov kev sim sim tuaj yeem ua tau hauv TEM. Piv txwv li, strain tensile kuaj tau siv los soj ntsuam lawv cov txheej txheem deformation thiab tawg. 4. High-resolution microscopy. Txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem kom lub microstructure ntawm cov teeb meem tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov tob tau ib txwm yog lub hom phiaj uas tib neeg mus tas li. High-resolution electron microscopy siv cov theem hloov ntawm electron beam, uas yog coherently duab los ntawm ntau tshaj ob lub teeb hluav taws xob. Raws li qhov xwm txheej uas qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj siab txaus, cov kab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, qhov siab dua qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov duab, txawm tias tuaj yeem siv los ua cov duab atomic qauv ntawm cov qauv nyias.
