Yuav ua li cas Ceramic Capacitors thiab Electrolytic Capacitors Ua Haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim Circuit Court, capacitors yog siv los lim. Qee lub sij hawm electrolytic capacitor yog siv, thiab qee zaus ceramic capacitors siv. Qee zaum ob qho tib si siv. Kuv xav nug: Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv electrolytic capacitors? Dab tsi yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic zoo tib yam? Yuav ua li cas xam qhov loj ntawm nws lub peev xwm? Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab txiav txim siab qhov voltage ntawm electrolytic capacitors? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum tau siv electrolytic capacitors, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ceramic capacitors yuav tsum tau siv, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum tau siv ob? Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv lub qub version ntawm lub analog e-phau ntawv uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb formula los xam qhov luaj li cas ntawm tus nqi capacitor, tab sis ib co ICs thiab cov zoo li muaj cov kev cai ntawm yuav ua li cas kom phim lub capacitor nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv, kuv vam tias nws yuav ua tau. pab koj.
Electrolytic capacitors thiab ceramic capacitors feem ntau yog siv los ntawm lub zog ntawm IC thiab hauv av los ua lub luag haujlwm lim dej. Ceramic capacitors yog siv ib leeg rau decoupling. Nws siv feem ntau piav qhia hauv IC. Muaj feem xyuam, siv 0.01uf rau ceramics.
Yog tias kuv xav hloov ib qho capacitor nrog lwm tus capacitor, kuv puas yuav tsum txaus siab rau ob qho tib si lub peev xwm thiab tiv taus hluav taws xob? Qee zaum, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb. Puas muaj peev xwm muab ib qho ntawm lawv rau lub sijhawm no?
Lub lim capacitor ntau yog dav dhau, ntawm no yog cov lus luv luv txog lub zog bypass (decoupling) capacitor.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lim capacitor nyob ntawm seb koj puas siv nws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos lossis lub ntiaj teb fais fab mov. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos, nws yog los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov pauv. Vim li cas ntxiv capacitors los muab lub zog? Nws yog vim qhov kev thov tam sim no ntawm cov cuab yeej hloov pauv sai nrog kev xav tau ntawm kev tsav tsheb (xws li DDR maub los), thiab hauv kev sib tham nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm Circuit Court yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Vim tias muaj qhov sib faib inductance, qhov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm tam sim no raug tiv thaiv, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub hwj huam mov tus pin ntawm lub nti raug txo qis - uas yog, lub suab nrov yog tsim. Ntxiv mus, tam sim no cov lus tawm tswv yim fais fab mov muaj lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv - uas yog, nws yuav tsis hloov kho kom txog rau thaum lub voltage fluctuation tshwm sim rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm (feem ntau ms los yog peb theem). Rau qhov kev thov tam sim no ntawm qib ns, hom kev ncua no kuj tsim lub suab nrov tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub capacitor yog muab ib tug tsawg inductive reactance (impedance) txoj kev kom tau raws li cov kev hloov ceev nyob rau hauv tam sim no thov.
Raws li cov kev xav saum toj no, kev suav cov capacitance yuav tsum tau xam raws li lub zog uas lub capacitor tuaj yeem muab rau kev hloov pauv tam sim no. Thaum xaiv hom capacitor, koj yuav tsum xav txog nws cov kab mob parasitic inductance - uas yog, parasitic inductance yuav tsum me dua qhov faib inductance ntawm txoj kev fais fab.
Kev sib tham txog cov teeb meem yuav tsum pib ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tej zaum koj yuav paub tias cov capacitors yog DC kev sib cais, thaum inductors yog qhov txawv. Txhua yam yog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lub sijhawm no, lub capacitor muaj ob lub luag haujlwm tshaj plaws. Ib qho yog cais DC ntawm cov ncej. Qee tus neeg kuj hu nws lub coupling capacitor vim nws cais DC, tab sis nws yuav tsum dhau AC cov cim. Txoj kev DC yog txwv tsis pub dhau ob peb theem, uas tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau kev xam qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab qhov thib ob yog lim. Yeej yog ob qho no. Raws li ib tug coupling, tus nqi ntawm lub capacitor tsis nruj me ntsis yuav tsum tau, tsuav yog nws impedance tsis loj heev, thiaj li hais tias lub teeb liab attenuation loj heev.
Tab sis rau tom kawg, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub lim. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lim dej ntawm qhov kev tawm tswv yim kawg yuav tsum tau lim tawm qhov tsawg zaus (xws li lub zog zaus) suab nrov thiab lub suab nrov nrov, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv tib lub sijhawm. Loj capacitors thiab me me capacitor. Qee tus neeg yuav hais tias, nrog lub capacitor loj, vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau ib lub me me? Qhov no yog vim qhov loj capacitance, qhov loj inductance vim lub phaj loj thiab tus pin kawg, tsis ua hauj lwm rau high zaus. Cov capacitors me me yog qhov sib txawv. Qhov loj tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov capacitance. Raws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum txaus siab txhua lub sijhawm, txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tawg. Txawm tias tsis yog-electrolytic capacitors, qee zaum nws tsis tawg, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo kuj txo. tham ntau dhau lawm, cia tham ua ntej. Lawv yog tag nrho cov filtering functions. Aluminium electrolytic capacitor muaj lub peev xwm loj thiab feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam tsawg zaus. Lub peev xwm yog hais txog 1mA tam sim no sib raug rau 2 ~ 3μf, yog tias qhov yuav tsum tau siab dhau, 1mA tuaj yeem sib haum rau 5 ~ 6μf. Tsis yog-polar capacitors yog siv los lim tawm cov teeb liab ntau zaus. Feem ntau nws yog siv ib leeg, nws yog siv los tshem tawm lotus cag. Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog electrolytic capacitors. Cov yam ntxwv siab zaus ntawm ceramic capacitors yog qhov zoo dua, tab sis ntawm qee zaus (txog 6MHz, kuv tsis nco qab meej), lub peev xwm txo qis sai.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm electrolytic capacitors thiab ceev faj rau kev siv
1. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm electrolytic capacitors hauv circuits
1. Cov nyhuv lim. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim mov Circuit Court, lub rectifier Circuit Court hloov AC mus rau hauv ib tug pulsating DC, thiab ib tug loj-muaj peev xwm electrolytic capacitor txuas tom qab lub rectifier Circuit Court, thiab lub rectified pulsating DC voltage yuav Relatively ruaj khov DC voltage. Hauv kev xyaum, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm txhua qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv vim kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, electrolytic capacitors ntawm kaum mus rau pua pua microfarads feem ntau txuas nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kawg. thauj khoom. Txij li thaum muaj peev xwm loj ntawm electrolytic capacitors feem ntau muaj qee qhov inductance thiab tsis tuaj yeem lim tawm cov suab nrov thiab cov mem tes cuam tshuam, lub capacitor nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 0.001--0}.lpF txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm ob qho kawg. los lim tawm cov teeb liab siab. thiab pulse cuam tshuam.
2. Cov nyhuv coupling: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib kis thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov teeb liab tsawg zaus, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab nram qab circuits los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ib leeg, capacitive coupling feem ntau yog siv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev poob ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg zaus hauv cov teeb liab, electrolytic capacitors nrog lub peev xwm loj dua feem ntau yog siv.
Thib ob, txoj kev txiav txim siab ntawm electrolytic capacitor
Feem ntau ua txhaum ntawm electrolytic capacitors muaj xws li kev txo qis, muaj peev xwm ploj, tawg luv luv thiab to. Qhov kev hloov ntawm lub peev xwm yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev maj mam ziab ntawm cov electrolyte hauv lub electrolytic capacitor thaum siv los yog muab tso rau, thaum tawg thiab to feem ntau ntxiv. Qhov voltage siab dhau los yog qhov zoo ntawm nws tus kheej tsis zoo. Kev txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm lub hwj huam mov capacitor feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv ntawm multimeter. Txoj kev tshwj xeeb yog: luv-circuit ob lub pins ntawm lub capacitor kom tso tawm, thiab siv cov xim dub ntawm cov multimeter los txuas cov electrode ntawm electrolytic capacitor. Cov hlau lead kuaj liab txuas nrog tus ncej tsis zoo (rau ib qho analog multimeter, qhov kev xeem cov hlau lead yog intermodulated thaum ntsuas nrog digital multimeter). Feem ntau, lub xeem koob yuav tsum viav vias nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm me me kuj, thiab ces maj mam rov qab mus rau infinity. Qhov ntau dua qhov viav vias ntawm rab koob lossis qhov qeeb rov qab nrawm dua, lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor ntau dua, thiab qhov sib txawv, qhov me me ntawm lub capacitor. Yog tias tus pointer tsis hloov qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab, nws txhais tau hais tias lub capacitor tau tawg. Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis zoo me me lossis xoom, nws txhais tau hais tias lub capacitor tau tawg thiab luv luv. Vim tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb uas siv los ntawm multimeter feem ntau qis heev, nws yog qhov tseeb dua los ntsuas lub capacitor nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob tiv taus ntawm lub capacitor siab, txawm tias qhov ntsuas yog qhov qub, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov xau los yog poob siab thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntxiv. hnav phenomenon.
3. Kev ceev faj rau kev siv electrolytic capacitors
1. Txij li thaum electrolytic capacitors muaj qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo polarities, lawv tsis tuaj yeem txuas rov qab thaum siv hauv circuits. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim mov Circuit Court, lub zoo ncej ntawm lub electrolytic capacitor yog txuas nrog rau qhov tso zis davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub hwj chim mov thaum lub zoo voltage yog tso zis, thiab lub negative ncej txuas nrog rau hauv av; Thaum qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog qhov tso tawm, tus ncej tsis zoo txuas nrog lub qhov tso zis tawm, thiab tus ncej zoo yog hauv av. Thaum lub polarity ntawm lub lim capacitor nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim mov Circuit Court yog thim rov qab, lub filtering nyhuv ntawm lub capacitor yog heev txo, ntawm ib sab, cov zis voltage ntawm lub hwj chim mov fluctuates, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, lub electrolytic capacitor, uas. yog sib npaug rau cov resistor, heats li vim rov qab fais fab mov. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob rov qab ntau dua ib qho nqi, qhov thim rov qab los ntawm lub capacitor yuav dhau los ua me me, yog li ntawd lub capacitor yuav tawg thiab puas vim overheating rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv tom qab fais fab tuag.
2. Qhov hluav taws xob siv rau ob qho kawg ntawm electrolytic capacitor tsis tuaj yeem tshaj nws qhov kev tso cai ua haujlwm voltage. Thaum tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag, qee qhov npoo yuav tsum tau tshwj tseg raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Thaum tsim cov lim capacitor ntawm cov tswj fais fab mov, yog tias AC fais fab mov voltage yog 220 ~ Lub rectified voltage ntawm theem nrab ntawm lub transformer tuaj yeem ncav cuag 22V. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrolytic nrog lub zog ntawm 25V feem ntau tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias AC fais fab mov voltage hloov pauv tau zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem nce mus rau ntau dua 250V, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv ib qho hluav taws xob electrolytic capacitor nrog qhov hluav taws xob tiv taus ntau dua 30V.
3. Electrolytic capacitors yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau lub zog hluav taws xob cua sov hauv Circuit Court kom tiv thaiv cov electrolyte kom qhuav sai vim cua sov.
4. Rau kev lim dej ntawm cov teeb liab nrog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo polarity, ob lub electrolytic capacitors tuaj yeem txuas rau hauv series nrog tib lub polarity raws li cov tsis-polar capacitor.
Yuav ua li cas siv ib tug multimeter los ntsuas capacitance?
Siv tus pointer multimeter los ntsuas qhov capacitance. Saib daim duab txuas ntxiv: Tus pointer hom multimeter tuaj yeem siv los kuaj xyuas qhov capacitance. Lub hauv paus yog tias lub teeb meem hluav taws xob ntawm lub multimeter yog sib npaug rau DC lub zog hluav taws xob nrog kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, thiab lub peev xwm tuaj yeem raug them. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, qhov voltage hla lub capacitor maj mam nce. Lub charging tam sim no maj mam txo kom txog thaum nws nce mus txog xoom. Cov kauj ruam
1. Xaiv cov iav tsim nyog rau lub thaiv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, yog tias lub peev xwm qis dua 0.01uF, xaiv x10k iav; txog 1-10uF, xaiv X1k iav; saum 47uF, xaiv x100 iav lossis x10 iav.
2. Rau txhua qhov kev sim, luv-circuit lub capacitor nrog ib lub xaim, thiab tom qab ntawd ua qhov kev sim tom ntej tom qab tso tawm.
3. Electrolytic capacitors muaj polarity, thiab qhov zoo electrode muaj peev xwm ntau dua li qhov tsis zoo electrode thaum siv. Txij li thaum cov hlau lead kuaj dub txuas nrog qhov zoo electrode ntawm lub roj teeb hauv lub moos, cov hlau lead kuaj dub txuas nrog qhov zoo electrode ntawm electrolytic capacitor, thiab cov hlau kuaj liab txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo electrode ntawm lub capacitor. Ib qho kev ua tau zoo capacitance yog tias tus pointer deflects - down thaum lub sij hawm tshawb pom, thiab maj mam rov qab mus rau lub tshuab xoom (uas yog, qhov tsis kam yog infinite) txoj hauj lwm.
Lub deflection ntawm tus taw tes yog cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thaiv, thiab lub peev xwm loj dua, qhov loj dua qhov deflection. Hauv kev xyaum, xyuam xim rau cov kev cai thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj kev hloov kho ntawm tus neeg kho tshuab xoom ntawm lub 'meter' lub taub hau yog siv lub hau ntswj tiaj tus los ua kom cov neeg kho tshuab xoom hloov kho qhov ntsuas ntawm lub taub hau 'meter' thaum lub ntsuas mem tsis luv los yog ntsuas ib qho cuab yeej, thiab tig sab laug thiab sab xis los ua tus ntsuas. pointer point rau xoom. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub capacitor uas tau poob nws lub peev xwm yog tias lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas tsis tau deflected thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau tso tawm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub capacitor uas poob ib feem ntawm lub peev xwm yog tias, piv nrog tus qauv capacitor, tus pointer deflection tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem raug txiav txim los ntawm kev paub dhau los lossis los ntawm kev xa mus rau tus qauv capacitor ntawm tib lub peev xwm thiab raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov taw tes viav vias.
Kev siv capacitor tsis tas yuav tsum muaj tib yam tiv thaiv tus nqi hluav taws xob, tsuav yog qhov muaj peev xwm zoo ib yam. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau kwv yees 100uF / 250V capacitor, 100uF / 25V capacitor tuaj yeem siv ua ib qho kev siv ua ntej, tsuav yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov taw tes viav vias yog tib yam, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias lub peev xwm yog tib yam. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xau capacitance yog tias tus taw tes tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov chaw tsis muaj zog (uas yog, qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis kawg). Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj to ntawm electrolytic capacitors loj los yog me me, qhov to ntawm low withstand voltage yog loj, thiab cov to ntawm high-resistant voltage yog me me; siv x10k los ntsuas qhov to, thiab siv lub thaiv hauv qab xlk los ntsuas qhov to los txiav txim seb lub capacitor puas.
Rau cov capacitors saum toj no 1000uF, koj tuaj yeem siv Rxl0 thaiv kom sai sai rau nws ua ntej, thiab pib kwv yees lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Rxlk block mus txuas ntxiv kev ntsuas ib ntus. Lub sijhawm no, tus pointer yuav tsum tsis txhob rov qab los, tab sis yuav tsum nres ntawm lossis ze rau qhov tsis muaj kev txwv, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj cov dej xau. Rau qee qhov capacitors hauv qab kaum ntawm microfarads, tom qab Rxlk block tau them tag nrho, siv Rx10k block kom txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov ntsuas, thiab rab koob yuav tsum nres ntawm qhov kawg thiab tsis rov qab los. Tsuas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic, qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm ceramic, polyester, metallized ntawv thiab monolithic capacitors yog ntau dua 40V. Kuaj nrog lub multimeter, tsis hais qhov twg thaiv, lub capacitor zoo yuav tsum tsis txhob xau. Txhawm rau ntsuas lub peev xwm me me nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau, qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg silicon NPN triodes tuaj yeem siv, thiab cov qauv qhia hauv daim duab 1(f). Siv cov resistor Rxlk los thaiv, cov hlau kuaj dub txuas nrog cov khoom siv, cov hlau kuaj liab txuas nrog lub emitter, kov lub capacitor me me rau lub collector, thiab tus pointer yuav tsum deflected. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog hais tias thaum lub capacitor raug them, lub charger tam sim no txhaj lub hauv paus tam sim no rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab qhov tam sim no yog amplified los ntawm triode, thiab pointer deflection yog pom tseeb dua.
