Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm scanning sojntsuam microscope
Thaum keeb kwm tsim los rau xyoo 1980, ib qho tshiab ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas-scanning sojntsuam microscope (STM) tau yug los, uas yog raws li lub cev thiab kev koom ua ke nrog ntau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub. STM tsis tsuas yog muaj kev daws teeb meem siab (txog O.1nm nyob rau hauv kab rov tav, tab sis zoo dua O.01nm nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntsug), nws tuaj yeem ncaj qha saib cov qauv atomic ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis kuj tswj cov atoms thiab molecules, yog li imposing human subjective will on nature. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab tes thiab crystallization ntawm tib neeg kev txawj ntse.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lub tshuab tsom iav yog ua raws li ntau lub zog ntawm lub cev hauv microscopic lossis mesoscopic ntau yam, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv tau kuaj pom los ntawm kev sojntsuam ultra-nplua nrog atomic linearity saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kawm, thiaj li tau txais qhov chaw. cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom SPM yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov koob taub cov yam ntxwv thiab cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov koob taub.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog los ntawm txoj cai tunneling hauv quantum mechanics. Nws cov tub ntxhais yog ib rab koob taub hau uas tuaj yeem luam theej duab ntawm tus qauv, muaj qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov qauv, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla yog atomic nplai. Vim hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm electron tunneling muaj qhov tsis zoo exponential kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov dav ntawm qhov barrier V (r), thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm rab koob thiab cov qauv yog ze heev, qhov barrier ntawm lawv yuav nyias nyias, thiab cov huab electron sib tshooj ntawm txhua qhov. lwm yam. Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob siv los ntawm cov koob thiab cov qauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau cov qauv los yog los ntawm cov qauv mus rau qhov kawg ntawm rab koob los ntawm cov nyhuv tunneling, tsim cov tunneling tam sim no. Los ntawm kev sau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tam sim no nruab nrab ntawm rab koob thiab cov qauv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv saum npoo morphology tuaj yeem tau txais.
Piv nrog rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis tsom, SPM muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo:
(1) Nws muaj kev daws teeb meem siab ntawm qib atomic. Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm STM nyob rau hauv kev coj mus rau parallel mus thiab perpendicular mus rau tus qauv nto tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.1nm thiab 0.01nm raws, yog li ntawd ib qho atom tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.
(2) Daim duab peb-dimensional ntawm qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw tiag tiag tuaj yeem tau txais hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, uas tuaj yeem siv los kawm cov qauv saum npoo nrog lossis tsis muaj sijhawm, thiab qhov kev soj ntsuam no tuaj yeem siv los kawm cov txheej txheem dynamic xws li diffusion nto. .
(3) Cov qauv saum npoo hauv zos ntawm ib txheej atomic tuaj yeem pom tsis yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg lossis tag nrho saum npoo, yog li deg defects, deg reconstruction, cov duab thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm deg adsorbents, thiab nto reconstruction tshwm sim los ntawm adsorbents. tuaj yeem pom ncaj qha.
(4) Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw sib txawv xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev, huab cua, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam, thiab txawm tias cov qauv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv dej thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem, tsis muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb npaj tshuab, thiab cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv. . Cov yam ntxwv no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev kawm txog cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv hauv cov kev sim sib txawv, xws li heterogeneous catalytic mechanism, superconducting mechanism, saib xyuas cov kev hloov ntawm electrode nto thaum lub sij hawm electrochemical tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam.
(5) Nrog scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob saum npoo tuaj yeem tau txais, xws li qhov ceev ntawm lub xeev ntawm ntau theem ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw electron ntxiab, kev hloov ntawm qhov chaw thaiv thiab lub zog sib txawv. .
