Scanning sojntsuam microscopy qhov tshwj xeeb zoo
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj xyuas kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom siv lub cev nyob rau hauv microscopic lossis mesoscopic ntau yam raws li kev sojntsuam zoo heev ntawm atomic linearity saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev kawm, thiaj li yuav tau txais nto thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom SPM yog nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia thiab lawv cov qauv sib piv-cov qauv kev sib cuam tshuam.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog muab los ntawm tunneling los ntawm txoj cai hauv quantum mechanics. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais yog cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem luam theej tawm ntawm cov qauv saum npoo nrog qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nws thiab cov qauv, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas atomic. Raws li lub caij nyoog ntawm electron tunneling qhia qhov tsis zoo exponential kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov dav ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm barrier V (r), thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub taub ntawm rab koob thiab tus qauv yog ze heev, qhov muaj peev xwm thaiv ntawm lawv ua nyias, thiab Cov huab cua hluav taws xob sib tshooj sib tshooj, thiab los ntawm kev siv qhov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub koob thiab cov qauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov ntawm lub taub mus rau cov qauv los yog los ntawm cov qauv mus rau qhov kawg ntawm rab koob los ntawm cov nyhuv tunneling los tsim ib qho tunneling. tam sim no. Los ntawm kev sau cov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tunneling tam sim no ntawm lub ntsis thiab cov qauv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw morphology ntawm tus qauv tuaj yeem tau txais.
SPM muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo dua li lwm cov txheej txheem tsom xam saum npoo:
(1) Kev daws teeb meem siab ntawm qib atomic, nrog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.1 nm nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug thiab 0.01 nm nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia perpendicular mus rau tus qauv nto, qhov twg ib tug neeg atoms yuav daws tau.
(2) Daim duab peb-dimensional ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw tiag tiag tuaj yeem tau txais hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntu ntu lossis ntu ntu, thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem siv rau kev kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem dynamic. xws li nto diffusion.
(3) Nws tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam ntawm ib txheej atomic es tsis yog cov duab ntawm tus kheej lossis qhov nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho saum npoo, thiab yog li nws tuaj yeem ncaj qha soj ntsuam qhov tsis xws luag, nto reconstruction, morphology thiab qhov chaw. nto adsorbates, thiab nto reconstruction tshwm sim los ntawm adsorbates.
(4) Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv, xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev, huab cua, chav tsev kub, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem tso cov qauv hauv dej thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem, uas tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis ua rau cov qauv kuaj pom. txheej txheem. Cov yam ntxwv no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev kawm txog cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov qauv saum npoo nyob rau hauv cov kev sim sib txawv, xws li rau multiphase catalytic mechanism, superconductivity mechanism, thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm electrode deg hloov thaum lub sij hawm electrochemical tshua.
(5) Ua ke nrog scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem tau txais, xws li qhov ceev ntawm lub xeev ntawm ntau theem ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw electron ntxiab, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam. thiab lub zog sib txawv qauv.
