Txoj Cai thiab Kev Siv Osmotic Pressure Measurement
1. Osmotic siab
Osmotic siab yog hais txog lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov ntsiab lus solute hauv kev daws rau dej. Qhov loj ntawm cov tshuaj osmotic siab nyob ntawm seb tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv chav tsev ntim ntawm cov tshuaj: qhov ntau cov ntsiab lus, uas yog, qhov siab dua qhov kev daws teeb meem, qhov ntau dua qhov kev nyiam rau dej, thiab qhov siab dua osmotic siab. ; Conversely, qhov tsawg dua cov ntsiab lus, uas yog qhov qis dua qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev nyiam rau dej thiab qhov qis osmotic siab ntawm cov tshuaj.
2. Daim ntawv thov ntawm osmotic siab
Nws yog tsuas yog siv los txheeb xyuas lub siab osmotic ntawm cov tshuaj, lub siab osmotic ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav, zis, thiab quav, osmotic siab ntawm qhov muag tee, thiab osmotic siab ntawm cell kab lis kev cai kua (nyob rau hauv ntau yam inorganic ntsev ions uas ua rau. Cov kua dej extracellular, cov ntsiab lus occupies Qhov pom tseeb qhov zoo yog Na plus thiab Cl-, thiab ntau tshaj 90 feem pua ntawm cov osmotic siab ntawm extracellular kua los ntawm Na plus thiab Cl-. Ntawm 37 degree, osmotic siab ntawm tib neeg plasma yog hais txog 770kPa. , uas yog sib npaug osmotic siab ntawm cov kua dej intracellular), thiab lwm yam, osmotic siab ntawm biochemical reagents, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev noj tshuaj lom, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov concentration ntawm osmotic active tshuaj, kev txiav txim ntawm cov dej ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob, osmotic siab ntawm zaub mov thiab dej haus, thiab lwm yam.
3. Osmotic siab nrhiav kom tau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus Lub cev ntawm osmotic siab
Thaum cov kuab tshuaj yog yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab, cov kuab tshuaj tau hloov pauv hauv qab no:
(1) Kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv △Tf＝Kf ×m
(2) Vapor siab poob △Pv＝Kv×m
(3) Boiling point △Tb＝Kb × m
(4) Osmotic siab nce △Po＝Ko × m
Hauv cov mis, Kf, Kv, Kb, thiab Ko yog tag nrho qhov tsis tu ncua, thiab m yog qhov hnyav molar concentration. Nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom (molecules, ions) ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm ntawm cov kua. Cov khoom no hu ua "cov cuab yeej sib koom ua ke" ntawm cov tshuaj dilute.
5. Osmotic siab xam
Chav tsev ntawm osmolality feem ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv milliosmoles ntawm solute ib kilogram ntawm hnyav, piv txwv li mOsmol / kg. Milliosmol concentration (mOsmol/kg) {{{0}}} [grams ntawm solute yaj nyob rau hauv txhua kilogram ntawm hnyav (g/kg)/molecular hnyav (g)] × n × 1000, qhov twg n yog tus naj npawb ntawm particles tsim thaum ib qho molecule yaj yaj, nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho tov, xws li qabzib n=1, sodium chloride los yog magnesium sulfate n=2, calcium chloride n=3, sodium citrate n{{5} }. Nyob rau hauv lub physiological ntau thiab dilute heev daws, lub osmolarity muaj ib tug me me sib txawv ntawm cov nqi xam nyob rau hauv lub zoo tagnrho lub xeev; Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, piv nrog tus nqi zoo tagnrho, qhov tseeb osmolarity txo, xws li 0.9 feem pua chloride Rau kev txhaj tshuaj sodium, qhov zoo tagnrho osmolality yog 2 × 9 / 58.4 × 1000=308mOsmol / kg, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm qhov concentration no, qhov n ntawm sodium chloride tov yog me ntsis tsawg dua 2, thiab qhov tseeb ntsuas tus nqi yog 286mOsmol / kg; nyuaj Cov theoretical osmolality ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw xws li kev txhaj tshuaj hydrolyzed protein tsis yooj yim rau kev suav, yog li nws feem ntau qhia los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb.
