Microscopic architecture Microscope Clarity
Lub tshuab tsom iav yog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas tsim los ntawm lub lens lossis kev sib txuas ntawm ob peb lo ntsiab muag, thiab nws yog ib qho cim qhia tias tib neeg tau nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog atomic. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los nthuav cov khoom me me rau hauv cov cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag.
microscope qauv
Optical microscope muaj eyepiece, lub hom phiaj lens, coarse quasi-focus helix, zoo quasi-focus helix, clip, aperture, shutter, converter, daim iav, theem, daim iav caj npab, lens chim, daim iav puag, condenser, muaj li ntawm apertures.
Microscope daws teeb meem
D=0.61λ/N*sin(/2)
D: Kev daws teeb meem
λ: wavelength ntawm lub teeb ci
: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hom phiaj lo ntsiab muag (lub kaum sab xis qhib ntawm cov qauv ntawm ib qho taw qhia ntawm qhov kho qhov muag axis mus rau lub hom phiaj lens qhib)
Yog tias koj xav txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem: 1. Txo λ, xws li siv lub teeb ultraviolet ua lub teeb ci; 2. Nce N, xws li muab tso rau hauv cov roj cedar; 3. Nce, uas yog, txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab cov qauv kom ntau li ntau tau.
Microscope Classification
Microscopes raug cais raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm microscopic thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua optical microscopes, electron microscopes thiab digital microscopes.
Optical microscope
Nws feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, qhov pom kev pom thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias qhov kho qhov muag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws muaj lub ntsej muag thiab lub hom phiaj lens. Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo 1590, Dutch thiab Italian cov iav tsom iav tau tsim cov cuab yeej ua kom pom tseeb zoo ib yam li cov tsom iav. Muaj ntau ntau hom optical microscopes, feem ntau yog lub teeb pom kev zoo microscopes (zoo tib yam optical microscopes), dark field microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, laser scanning confocal microscopes, polarizing microscopes, differential interference contrast microscopes, thiab inverted microscopes.
electron microscope
Electron microscopes muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm loj dua thiab daws teeb meem ntau dua li optical microscopes. Lawv siv electron ntws los ua lub teeb ci tshiab rau cov duab khoom. Txij li thaum Ruska tau tsim thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 1938, ntxiv rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob nws tus kheej, ntau lwm hom electron microscopes kuj tau tsim. Xws li scanning electron microscope, analytical electron microscope, ultra high voltage electron microscope thiab hais txog. Ua ke nrog ntau yam electron microscope qauv npaj cov tswv yim, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau kev tshawb fawb tob txog cov qauv ntawm cov qauv lossis kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Microscopes yog siv los soj ntsuam cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv kev soj ntsuam ntawm biology, tshuaj thiab cov khoom me me. Electron microscopes tuaj yeem nthuav cov khoom mus txog 2 lab lub sijhawm.
Desktop microscopes feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov tshuaj microscopes, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws optical magnification, nrog kev nthuav dav siab thiab cov duab zoo, tab sis lawv feem ntau loj me me thiab tsis yooj yim txav.
portable microscope
Portable microscopes yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov koob yees duab digital thiab yees duab microscopes tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Sib txawv los ntawm cov tshuaj kho qhov muag pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj, tes tuav microscopes yog tag nrho cov digital magnifications. Lawv feem ntau portable, me me thiab exquisite, thiab yooj yim rau nqa; thiab qee lub koob yees duab tuav tes muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntxaij vab tshaus, uas tuaj yeem thaij duab ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm lub tshuab computer, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua ke qee qhov kev ua haujlwm digital, xws li kev txhawb nqa rau kev thaij duab, kaw video, lossis duab sib piv, ntsuas thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Cov kua siv lead ua kua digital microscope yog thawj zaug tsim thiab tsim los ntawm Boyu Company. Lub tshuab ntsuas no khaws cia qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, thiab sib txuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov muaj zog nthuav dav ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas digital, qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov yees duab microscope, thiab qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm lub tshuab microscope.
scanning tunneling microscope
Scanning tunneling microscope, tseem hu ua "scanning tunneling microscope" thiab "tunnel scanning microscope", yog ib qho cuab yeej uas siv cov nyhuv tunneling hauv quantum txoj kev xav los tshawb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Gerd Binning (G.Binning) thiab Heinrich Rohrer (H.Rohrer) hauv IBM's Zurich Laboratory hauv Zurich, Switzerland hauv xyoo 1981. Ob tus neeg tsim khoom yog li ntawd koom tes nrog Ernst Ruska tau qhia 1986 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics.
Raws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lub tshuab kuaj kab mob, lub tshuab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam thiab nrhiav tus neeg atoms ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem ntau dua li nws cov atomic force microscope counterpart. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab ntsuas tunneling tshuab tuaj yeem tswj xyuas cov atoms nrog lub ntsis ntawm qhov ntsuas kub qis (4K), yog li nws yog ob qho tib si ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv nanotechnology.
