Microscope Lens Parameters thiab lawv cuam tshuam rau Microscopic Imaging Quality
Muaj ntau hom optical microscope lo ntsiab muag, tab sis txawm rau tib hom lo ntsiab muag, cov duab zoo sib txawv heev, uas yog vim muaj ntau yam xws li cov khoom siv, kev ua tiav, thiab cov qauv ntawm lub lens, thiab tseem ua rau ntau qib ntawm lo ntsiab muag. . Tus nqi sib txawv heev los ntawm ob peb puas yuan mus rau kaum txhiab yuan. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog plaub-thooj peb-paj pawg Tiansai lens thiab rau-thooj plaub-pab ob Gauss lens. Rau lub lens tsim thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, cov kev hloov kho qhov muag OTF (Optical Transfer Function) feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm lub lens. Lub tshuab kho qhov muag xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev faib cov ci ci raws qhov chaw. Lub teeb liab sine yoj ntawm txhua qhov spatial zaus, nws qhov kev hloov pauv qib thiab theem hloov pauv thaum tsim cov duab tiag tiag, yog tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm spatial zaus, thiab qhov haujlwm no yog hu ua optical transfer function. OTF feem ntau muaj ob ntu, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv muaj nuj nqi MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) thiab theem hloov haujlwm PTF (Phase Transfer Function ). Aberration yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov duab zoo. Muaj rau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
Pob sib txawv:
Lub monochromatic conical beam emitted los ntawm ib tug tej yam khoom taw tes ntawm lub ntsiab axis mus rau lub kho qhov muag system, tom qab raug refracted los ntawm lub optical series, yog hais tias lub rays ntawm txawv aperture kaum sab xis ntawm lub qub beam tsis tuaj yeem sib tshuam ntawm tib txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab axis, yog li ntawd. tias cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntsiab axis Ntawm lub dav hlau, qhov chaw sib txawv (feem ntau hu ua lub voj voog ntawm kev tsis meej pem) yog tsim, thiab cov duab yuam kev ntawm qhov kev kho qhov muag no hu ua spherical aberration.
coma:
Lub teeb monochromatic conical lub teeb emissions mus rau qhov kho qhov muag system los ntawm ib tug off-axis khoom taw tes nyob rau sab nraum lub ntsiab axis, tom qab raug refracted los ntawm lub optical series, yog hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib tug meej point ntawm lub zoo tagnrho duab dav hlau, nws yuav tsim ib tug kaj Tail. Comet-puab qhov chaw, cov duab yuam kev ntawm qhov kho qhov muag system hu ua coma.
Astigmatism:
Lub oblique monochromatic conical lub teeb beam xa mus rau qhov kho qhov muag system los ntawm ib qho off-axis khoom taw tes nyob rau sab nraum lub ntsiab axis tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov duab pom tseeb tom qab raug refracted los ntawm optical series, tab sis tsuas yog tsim ib qho chaw diffuse. Cov duab yuam kev ntawm lub tshuab kho qhov muag hu ua astigmatism.
Scene:
Yog hais tias daim duab meej tsim los ntawm qhov kho qhov muag ntawm lub dav hlau khoom nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab axis tsis nyob rau hauv ib daim duab dav hlau perpendicular mus rau lub ntsiab axis, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug nkhaus nto symmetrical rau lub ntsiab axis, uas yog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws duab dav hlau nkhaus nto, ces qhov no Qhov kev ua yuam kev ntawm ib qho kev kho qhov muag hu ua teb curvature. Thaum cov duab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov screen yog qhov tseeb, cov duab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vijtsam yog qhov muag plooj; thiab thaum daim duab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov screen yog qhov tseeb, cov duab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov screen pib plooj dua.
Xim txawv:
Ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb dawb yog xa los ntawm ib qho khoom dawb mus rau qhov kho qhov muag. Tom qab tau refracted los ntawm lub optical system, ntau yam xim ntawm lub teeb yuav tsis converge ntawm ib tug taw tes, thiab ib tug xim xim chaw yog tsim, uas yog hu ua chromatic aberration. Yog vim li cas rau chromatic aberration yog tias tib lub iav kho qhov muag muaj qhov sib txawv refractive indices rau txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb, lub refractive Performance index ntawm luv-yoj lub teeb yog loj, thiab lub refractive index ntawm lub teeb ntev-yoj yog me me.
distortion:
Txoj kab ncaj nraim sab nraud ntawm lub ntsiab axis hauv lub dav hlau ntawm qhov kev kawm dhau los ua ib qho nkhaus tom qab tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub tshuab kho qhov muag, thiab cov duab yuam kev ntawm lub tshuab kho qhov muag hu ua distortion. Distortion aberrations tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau geometry ntawm daim duab, tsis yog nws sharpness. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, coma, astigmatism, thiab curvature ntawm daim teb.
Thaum peb ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm lub lens, peb feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo xws li kev daws teeb meem, sharpness thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb.
Kev daws teeb meem:
Kuj tseem hu ua kev ntxub ntxaug thiab kev daws teeb meem, nws hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub lens kom paub meej qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau ntawm qhov chaw uas tau yees duab. Qhov laj thawj uas txwv qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub lens yog qhov txawv txav ntawm lub teeb, uas yog, qhov chaw diffraction (Airy spot). Chav tsev ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog kab khub / hli.
Ntsej muag (Acutance):
Kuj hu ua contrast, nws hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ci tshaj plaws thiab qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm cov duab.
Qhov tob ntawm Field (DOF):
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw scene, cov scenes nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ncua deb ua ntej thiab tom qab lub focusing object aircraft kuj tsim ib tug kuj meej duab. Qhov saum toj no-hais qhov tob tob ntawm qhov scenes uas tuaj yeem tsim cov duab meej ua ntej thiab tom qab lub dav hlau tsom, uas yog, qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab meej meej ntawm lub dav hlau duab tiag tiag, hu ua qhov tob ntawm teb.
