Kev taw qhia txog kev faib tawm thiab kev siv ntawm ntau yam optical microscopes
1. binocular stereo microscope
Binocular stereomicroscope, tseem hu ua "physical microscope" los yog "anatomy mirror", yog ib qho cuab yeej pom kev nrog kev nkag siab peb-dimensional. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv slicing kev khiav hauj lwm thiab microsurgery nyob rau hauv lub lom thiab kev kho mob teb; hauv kev lag luam nws yog siv rau kev soj ntsuam, sib dhos, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom me me thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Siv txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo dual-channel, sab laug thiab sab xis lub teeb teeb nyob rau hauv lub raj binocular tsis yog sib npaug, tab sis muaj ib lub kaum ntse ntse - lub stereoscopic saib lub kaum ntse ntse (feem ntau 12 degrees - 15 degrees), muab peb -dimensional saib rau sab laug thiab sab xis ob lub qhov muag. Duab. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob lub tshuab raj ib leeg tso rau ib sab. Lub optical axes ntawm ob lub raj tsim lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev pom tsim thaum tib neeg saib ib yam khoom nrog lub koob yees duab, yog li tsim cov duab stereoscopic hauv qhov chaw peb sab.
(2) Cov duab yog upright, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab dissect. Qhov no yog vim lub prism nyob rau hauv lub eyepiece inverts daim duab.
(3) Txawm hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav tsis zoo li ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav, nws qhov kev ua haujlwm ntev heev.
(4) Lub focal qhov tob yog qhov loj, ua rau nws yooj yim los soj ntsuam tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom raug tshuaj xyuas.
(5) Loj teb saib txoj kab uas hla.
Cov qauv kho qhov muag tam sim no ntawm lub stereoscope yog: nrog rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub lens, ob lub teeb teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov khoom tau sib cais los ntawm ob pawg ntawm lub hom phiaj nruab nrab lub hom phiaj - zoom lo ntsiab muag, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke thiab tom qab ntawd duab los ntawm lawv. yam eyepieces. Qhov kev hloov pauv loj yog tau los ntawm kev hloov qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pawg lens nruab nrab, yog li nws tseem hu ua "zoom stereomicroscope" (Zoom-stereomicroscope). Nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, tam sim no stereoscopes tuaj yeem nruab nrog ntau yam khoom siv, xws li fluorescence, yees duab, yees duab, qhov chaw txias txias, thiab lwm yam.
2. Metallurgical microscope
Lub tshuab kuaj kab mob metallographic yog lub tshuab kuaj kab mob tshwj xeeb siv los soj ntsuam cov qauv metallographic ntawm cov khoom tsis pom zoo xws li cov hlau thiab cov ntxhia. Cov khoom opaque no tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo tib yam, yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm metallography thiab cov microscopes zoo tib yam yog qhov qub siv cov teeb pom kev zoo, thaum yav tas los siv lub teeb xa mus rau illumination. Nyob rau hauv lub metallographic microscope, lub illumination beam yog emissions los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj lens mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom raug soj ntsuam, yog reflected los ntawm cov khoom nto, thiab ces rov qab mus rau lub hom phiaj lens rau imaging. Txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo no kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon wafers.
3. Fluorescence microscope
Fluorescence microscopy siv lub teeb luv-wavelength los ua kom pom ib yam khoom uas muaj fluorescein, ua rau nws zoo siab los tsim cov fluorescence ntev-ntev, uas tom qab ntawd pom. Fluorescence microscopes tau siv dav hauv biology, tshuaj thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
(1) Fluorescence microscopes feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: kis tau tus mob thiab epi-illumination.
ib. Hom kis tau tus mob: Lub teeb excitation los ntawm hauv qab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam, thiab lub condenser yog ib tug tsaus nti condenser, yog li ntawd lub excitation teeb tsis nkag mus rau lub hom phiaj lens, tab sis cov fluorescence nkag mus rau lub hom phiaj lens. Nws yog ci nyob rau hauv qis magnification, tab sis tsaus ntuj ntawm high magnification. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev khiav lag luam thaum immersed nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov illumination ntau yam ntawm tsawg magnification yog ib qho nyuaj rau txiav txim, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm tau txais ib tug heev tsaus nti keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub teb ntawm saib. Hom kis tau tus mob tsis haum rau cov khoom tsis muaj pob tshab los kuaj xyuas.
b. Epi-illumination hom: Hom kis tau tus mob yuav luag raug tshem tawm tam sim no. Feem ntau ntawm cov fluorescence microscopes tshiab yog hom epi-illumination. Lub teeb qhov chaw los ntawm saum toj no cov khoom yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thiab muaj ib tug spectroscope nyob rau hauv lub teeb txoj kev, yog li nws yog tsim nyog rau ob qho tib si pob tshab thiab opaque khoom los soj ntsuam. Txij li thaum lub hom phiaj lens ua haujlwm raws li lub condenser, nws tsis yog tsuas yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm tag nrho cov kev pom los ntawm qhov qis mus rau siab magnification.
