Kev txhais lus ntawm A / C Qhov hnyav hauv Suab Qib Meter thiab Noise Meter
Lub suab ntsuas ntsuas, tseem hu ua suab nrov ntsuas, yog qhov ntsuas suab nrov tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis nws txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li voltmeters. Thaum hloov lub teeb liab acoustic rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem simulate lub sij hawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg teb ceev rau suab tsis; cov yam ntxwv zaus ntawm qhov sib txawv rhiab heev rau siab thiab qis frequencies thiab cov yam ntxwv siv ntawm kev hloov cov yam ntxwv zaus ntawm qhov sib txawv nrov. Yog li ntawd, lub suab theem ntsuas yog ib tug subjective electronic instrument.
Teeb liab-rau-lub suab nrov piv: Teeb liab-rau-nruab nrab (Signal NoiseRatio) yog hu ua teeb liab-rau- suab nrov piv lossis teeb liab-rau- suab nrov piv. Qhov sib piv ntawm lawv, feem ntau hais hauv "SNR" lossis "S / N", feem ntau hauv decibels (dB), qhov siab dua qhov teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv, zoo dua.)
Piv txwv li: Peb paub tias thaum lub xov tooj cua mloog xov tooj cua lossis lub kaw lus kaw suab paj nruag, cov neeg hais lus yeej ib txwm muaj ntau lub suab nrov ntxiv rau hauv xov tooj cua thiab suab paj nruag. Qee lub suab nrov no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm xob laim, lub cev muaj zog, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam .; qee qhov yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nws tus kheej. Tag nrho cov suab nrov no peb hu suab nrov. Tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, xov tooj cua thiab suab paj nruag yuav suab meej dua. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob acoustic, qhov ntsuas kev ntsuas ntawm "sib nqus-rau-suab nrov piv" feem ntau yog siv. Qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb liab-rau-lub suab nrov yog hais txog qhov sib piv ntawm cov teeb liab muaj txiaj ntsig S rau lub suab nrov N, uas yog S / N.
Qhov hnyav (hnyav): Qhov hnyav (qhov hnyav) kuj tseem hu ua qhov hnyav lossis qhov nyiaj them rau qhov hnov, uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: ib qho yog xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm siv thiab ntsuas, thiab kev kho dag ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas tus nqi yog hu ua qhov hnyav. . Los yog nws tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li: ib qho kev hloov kho ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas kom raug cuam tshuam cov khoom ntsuas (qhov no kuj yog ib qho qauv tsim los ntawm lub teb chaws rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ntsuas suab nrov). Piv txwv li, thaum ntsuas lub suab nrov, txij li tib neeg lub pob ntseg muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws rau 1-5kHz thiab tsis nkag siab rau cov khoom siv zaus tsawg, thaum ntsuas lub suab nrov los ntawm kev hnov lus, txhua feem ntawm lub suab zaus spectrum yuav tsum yog. hnyav, uas yog, nws yuav tsum tau siv thaum ntsuas lub suab nrov. Los ntawm cov lim sib npaug rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnov ntau zaus, kom muaj kev cuam tshuam lub ntsej muag ntse ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg nyob ib ncig ntawm 3000Hz thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm 60Hz, qhov no yog qhov hnyav. Txij li cov lus teb zaus ntawm tib neeg lub pob ntseg sib txawv nrog lub suab nrov, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav yog siv rau cov suab nrov sib txawv lossis suab siab. Tam sim no, qhov hnyav nkhaus A feem ntau yog siv, thiab dBA yog siv los qhia qhov ntsuas tus nqi ntawm qhov hnyav A no.
Zaus hnyav (hnyav network): Yuav kom simulate qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg hnov ntxhiab ntawm cov zaus sib txawv, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnov lus uas tuaj yeem simulate tib neeg pob ntseg, thiab kho cov teeb liab hluav taws xob rau lub network zoo ib yam li lub rooj sib hais. hu ua lub cev hnyav. Lub suab siab ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm qhov hnyav network tsis yog lub suab siab ntawm lub hom phiaj lub cev muaj nuj nqis (hu ua linear sound pressure level), tab sis lub suab siab raug kho los ntawm kev hnov lus, hu ua lub suab hnyav lossis suab nrov.
Feem ntau muaj peb hom kev tes hauj lwm hnyav: A, B, thiab C. Lub suab nrov A-hnyav yog simulate cov yam ntxwv zaus ntawm tib neeg lub pob ntseg kom qis qis qis qis dua 55 decibels; B-hnyav suab qib yog simulate cov yam ntxwv zaus ntawm lub suab nrov nruab nrab ntawm 55 thiab 85 decibels; C-weighted suab theem yog simulate tus yam ntxwv zaus ntawm high-siv suab nrov yam ntxwv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm peb yog qhov degree ntawm attenuation ntawm cov khoom siv qis-zaus ntawm lub suab nrov. A attenuates feem ntau, ua raws li B, thiab C qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Lub suab nrov A-hnyav yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev ntsuas suab nrov hauv ntiaj teb vim tias nws cov yam ntxwv nkhaus yog ze rau qhov hnov lus ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg, thiab B thiab C tau maj mam siv.
Lub sij hawm hnyav (meter rhiab heev): qeeb, ceev, mem tes los yog mem tes tuav, ncov tuav
