Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau nruab nrab B los ntawm nruab nrab A, yog hais tias nruab nrab A yog ib qho khoom me me rau nruab nrab B, uas yog, nA
Txhawm rau ntsuas tus nqi, Abbe refractometer siv txoj kev "ib nrab ci thiab ib nrab tsaus", uas yog, cia lub Monochromatic hluav taws xob tua los ntawm nruab nrab A mus rau nruab nrab B los ntawm txhua lub kaum sab xis ntawm 0-90 degree . Lub sijhawm no, tag nrho cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab B muaj lub teeb hla dhau, yog li nws yog ci; Tag nrho cheeb tsam sab nraud ntawm lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb yog qhov tsaus ntuj vim tsis muaj lub teeb hla dhau, thiab thaj tsam ntawm qhov kaj thiab qhov tsaus ntuj yog qhov tseeb heev. Yog tias pom nrog ib lub qhov muag saum nruab nrab B, ib daim duab ci ntsa iab thiab ib nrab tsaus nti nrog cov ciam teb meej heev tuaj yeem pom.
Lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb sib txawv nrog cov xov xwm sib txawv, thiab qhov chaw ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw teeb thiab tsaus nti hauv qhov muag pom kuj txawv. Yog hais tias ib tug ntoo khaub lig zoo li tus kab yog engraved nyob rau hauv lub eyepiece, tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm nruab nrab B thiab lub eyepiece yog hloov, thiaj li hais tias tus ciam teb ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus cheeb tsam ib txwm coincides nrog rau qhov sib tshuam point ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig zoo li tus kab. Los ntawm kev ntsuas nws qhov chaw txheeb ze (lub kaum sab xis) thiab hloov nws, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau tuaj yeem tau. Kev nyeem ntawv sau rau ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm Abbe refractometer yog qhov hloov pauv refractive index, yog li nws tuaj yeem nyeem ncaj qha. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Abbe refractometer muaj cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv dispersion, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha nruab hnub, thiab cov duab ntsuas yog tib yam li lub teeb sodium. Cov no yog qhov zoo ntawm Abbe refractometer.
Yuav siv lub refractometer li cas: Ua ntej txuas lub refractometer mus rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua, ua kom qhov kub thiab txias, cais lub kaum sab xis prism, thiab maj mam so daim iav sab sauv thiab sab qis nrog ib qho me me ntawm ethanol lossis acetone dipped hauv txhob lo lo ntxhuav lossis daim iav daim iav. . Tom qab cov ethanol los yog acetone evaporates, ntxiv ib tee dej distilled rau daim iav saum npoo hauv qab no, kaw lub prism, thiab kho lub reflector kom pom nyob rau hauv daim iav ci,
Tig lub prism kom txog rau thaum ib tug ciam teb los yog xim lub teeb band pom nyob rau hauv daim iav; Yog hais tias lub teeb xim muaj xim tshwm sim, kho qhov dispersion kom lub teeb tsaus ciam kom pom tseeb, thiab tig lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub prism kom lub ciam teb tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm "kaum" cim. Sau qhov kev nyeem ntawv thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab rov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ob zaug los sib piv qhov nruab nrab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov dej ntshiab nrog tus qauv tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntshiab (=1.33299) kom tau txais tus nqi ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub refractometer. Tom qab ntawd, siv tib txoj kev los ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kua dej kuaj. Tus nqi calibration feem ntau me me, thiab yog tias tus nqi loj dhau lawm, tag nrho cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau recalibrated. Thaum siv lub refractometer, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
(1) Abbe qhov ntau ntawm 1.3000 txog 1.7000, nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.0001; Thaum ntsuas, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau seb qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub tes tsho rwb thaiv tsev puas yog. Yog tias koj xav ntsuas kom raug rau ± 0.0001, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm ± 0.1 degree.
(2) Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj thaum siv lossis khaws cia, thiab yuav tsum tau npog nrog daim ntaub dub thaum tsis siv.
(3) Lub prism ntawm lub refractometer yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm khawb ntawm daim iav nto. Thaum ntxiv cov kua, qhov kawg ntawm lub dropper yuav tsum tsis txhob kov lub prism.
(4) Ntxuav daim iav saum npoo ua ntej txhua qhov poob ntawm cov qauv; Tom qab siv, daim iav saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog acetone los yog 95 feem pua ethanol, thiab lub prism yuav tsum raug kaw tom qab ziab.
