Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob sib txawv li cas ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm observables?
Optical microscopes txawv heev ntawm electron microscopes nyob rau hauv uas lub teeb qhov chaw txawv, lub lens yog txawv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm imaging yog txawv, qhov kev daws teeb meem yog txawv, qhov tob ntawm lub teb yog txawv, thiab txoj kev ntawm kev npaj qauv yog txawv. Optical microscope feem ntau hu ua lub teeb microscope, yog hom pom lub teeb raws li lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub tshuab tsom. Optical microscope yog kev siv cov ntsiab lus kho qhov muag, tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom me me magnified imaging, rau tib neeg kom rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm microstructure ntawm optical instruments. Nws yog dav siv hauv cell biology. Optical microscope feem ntau muaj ib theem, tsom teeb pom kev zoo, lub hom phiaj lens, eyepiece thiab tsom mechanism. Cov theem yog siv los tuav cov khoom kom pom. Lub pob qhov rooj tsom tuaj yeem siv los tsav lub tshuab tsom, kom cov theem tuaj yeem hloov kho coarsely lossis zoo-tuned kom yooj yim rau cov duab meej ntawm cov khoom raws li kev soj ntsuam. Cov duab ntawm optical microscope rau cov duab inverted (nce thiab down upside down, sab laug thiab txoj cai interchangeable) electron microscope yog yug los ntawm high-end technology khoom, thiab peb feem ntau siv optical microscope muaj qhov chaw zoo sib xws, tab sis nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. microscope txawv heev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, optical microscope yog siv lub teeb ci. Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob yog siv cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab ob qho tib si tuaj yeem pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib txawv, ib leeg thiab hais tias qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv, xws li kev soj ntsuam ib lub xovtooj, lub teeb microscope tsuas pom cov cell thiab ib feem ntawm lub organelle. , xws li mitochondria thiab chloroplasts, tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem pom lub xub ntiag ntawm nws cov hlwb, tsis tuaj yeem pom cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev. Ib qho hluav taws xob microscope, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem pom cov qauv zoo ntawm cov organelles hauv kev nthuav dav, thiab txawm tias cov molecules loj xws li cov proteins. Electron microscope muaj xws li kis tau tus mob electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, reflection electron microscope thiab emission electron microscope. Ntawm lawv, scanning electron microscope yog siv ntau dua. Scanning electron microscope nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb daim ntawv thov yog dav heev, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv fracture tsom, micro-cheeb tsam muaj pes tsawg leeg tsom xam, ntau yam txheej txheej morphology tsom xam, txheej thickness ntsuas thiab microstructure morphology thiab nano-materials tsom xam kuj yuav ua tau. ua ke nrog X-ray diffractometer lossis electron spectrometer, tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob microprobe, siv rau cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab lwm yam. Scanning Electron Microscope, abbreviated as SEC, yog ib yam tshiab ntawm electron optical instrument. Nws muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov duab kos duab. Nws siv lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob los hloov kho lub cev cov cim qhia uas zoo siab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv. Qhov xwm txheej electrons ua rau cov qauv saum npoo zoo siab nrog cov electrons thib ob. Nws yog cov electrons tawg ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas tau pom los ntawm lub tshuab tsom. Lub ci citillation siv lead ua muab tso rau ib sab ntawm cov qauv tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thib ob, uas tau nthuav dav los hloov kho qhov siv hluav taws xob ntawm CRT, hloov qhov ci ntawm CRT screen. Lub deflection coil ntawm CRT yog synchronized nrog lub electron beam nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv, kom lub CRT lub fluorescent screen qhia ib tug topographical duab ntawm tus qauv nto. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj cov qauv yooj yim, kho kom zoo nkauj, qhov dav, qhov siab ntawm daim duab, thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov loj. Transmission electron microscope daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm:
1, crystal defect tsom xam. Tag nrho cov qauv uas rhuav tshem lub voj voog ib txwm muaj xws li cov khoom siv lead ua tsis xws luag, xws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, cov ciam teb nplej, precipitates thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv no uas rhuav tshem lub sij hawm ntawm cov dot matrix yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej diffraction ntawm thaj av uas lawv nyob, ua rau cov xwm txheej diffraction ntawm thaj av uas qhov tsis xws luag nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj av ib txwm muaj, uas yuav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus nti ntawm lub vijtsam fluorescent.
2, kev tsom xam cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj ntau yam tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv sib txawv, los ntawm cov qauv thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov siv lead ua tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thaum soj ntsuam cov ntaub so ntswg morphology.
3, Hauv kev soj ntsuam. Siv cov qauv coj mus kuaj, cov kev sim hauv-situ tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev xa hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov strain stretching qauv los soj ntsuam lawv cov deformation thiab tawg txheej txheem.
4, high-resolution microscopy. Txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem kom zoo dua kev soj ntsuam microstructure ntawm cov khoom tau yog lub hom phiaj ntawm tib neeg lossi nrhiav. High-resolution electron microscopy siv cov theem ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hloov los ntawm ntau tshaj ob kab ntawm cov duab sib txuas, nyob rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm electron microscope yog siab txaus, cov kab hluav taws xob siv ntau dua, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm daim duab ntau dua, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau. siv rau nyias cov qauv ntawm cov qauv atomic imaging.
