Cov xov xwm zoo: pheej yig microscopes tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab daws teeb meem super
Pab neeg ntawm nanologists Ali Shaib thiab Silvio Rizzoli ntawm University Medical Center hauv Göttingen, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev rau lub teeb pom kev zoo tib yam - ONE Microscope cov txheej txheem - uas sau cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg cov proteins thiab tsis tau pom dua ua ntej ntawm tes hauv ib theem. ntawm kev nthuav dav uas tshaj txawm tias ntawm ntau lab daus las "super-resolution" microscope. ntau lab daus las "super-resolution" microscopes. Cov kev tshawb pom tau luam tawm ntawm lub vev xaib preprint bioRxiv.
"Yuav tsum muaj qee hom kev ywj pheej hauv kev siv tshuab microscopy." Rizzoli taw qhia tias qhov kev daws teeb meem siab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yog siv tau rau ntau tus, tsis yog ob peb lub chaw sim khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
Rizzoli hais tias, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom tau raug txwv los ntawm txoj cai ntawm optics, uas txhais tau hais tias kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom me dua 200 nm yog fuzzy, Rizzoli tau hais, ntxiv tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim dhau-physics super-resolution txoj kev uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev txwv no mus txog 10. nm. Txoj kev no, uas yeej 2014 Nobel nqi zog hauv chemistry, siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag los txheeb xyuas cov fluorescent molecules txuas nrog cov protein.
Hauv xyoo 2015, cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj lwm txoj hauv kev los hla qhov kev txwv qhov muag. Ib pab neeg tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Edward Boyden, tus kws tshaj lij neural ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tau qhia tias cov ntaub so ntswg ua pa (siv cov khoom siv nqus tau pom hauv nappies) tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom ntawm tes kom deb ntawm ib leeg. Cov txheej txheem, hu ua inflation microscopy, tau coj mus rau quantum leap hauv microscope daws teeb meem, tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig 20nm.
Shaib thiab Rizzoli cov txheej txheem fuses ob txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav sub-1nm daws teeb meem. Qhov no clarity yog txaus los nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg cov proteins, uas yav tas los feem ntau yog cov duab nyob rau hauv ntau nthuav dav siv ntau kim structural biology txoj kev, xws li cryo-electron microscopy.
Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nthuav dav microscopy yog ib feem ntawm nws qhov kev thov rov hais dua, thiab Boyden kwv yees tias ntau dua 1,000 cov chaw sim tau siv cov txheej txheem. Cov qauv raug kho nrog cov tshuaj immobilize cov proteins ntawm ib lub polymer, uas swells mus rau 1, 000 lub sij hawm nws qhov loj me thaum ntxiv dej, tso cai rau cov molecules sib cais.ONE microscopy txheej txheem kuj siv cov cua sov los yog enzymes tawg. cov proteins, thiaj li hais tias ib tug neeg fragments yog stretched nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia thaum lub sij hawm o txheej txheem.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv lawv txoj hauv kev los sau cov duab ntawm ib qho neuromolecule, GABAA receptor, uas zoo ib yam li high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy thiab X-ray crystallography maps ntawm cov protein. Lawv kuj tau ntes cov qauv ntawm ib qho loj ntawm cov protein hu ua ototoxin, uas nws cov qauv tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab, uas pab xa cov suab hauv lub hlwb. Cov duab zoo ib yam li cov qauv kev kwv yees ua los ntawm AlphaFold sib sib zog nqus kev kawm network.
Thaum txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem phim qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cryo-electron microscopy, uas qee qhov tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ze-atomic-theem nthuav dav me dua 0.2 nm, cryo-electron microscopy cov txheej txheem yog ob qho tib si puny thiab kim, Rizzoli hais tias, ntxiv tias IB microscopy, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, tuaj yeem muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab yooj yim kom nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm yuav luag txhua lub molecule.
Ib feem ntawm kev mob siab rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis yog txhawm rau nthuav dav kev nkag mus tau ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom kev, Rizzoli tau hais. IB txoj kev siv lub tshuab tsom iav yog qhov yooj yim txaus siv tau rau fluorescence microscopes, uas tau dhau los ua tsis tiav hauv xyoo 1990.
Salma Tammam, kws kho mob kws kho mob ntawm German University hauv Cairo, npaj yuav xa cov tub ntxhais kawm PhD los kawm cov txheej txheem lub caij ntuj sov no. Nws lub chaw soj nstuam kawm seb nanoparticles txav mus los ntawm cov hlwb li cas, thiab lawv xav pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv cov cab kuj. Tab sis zoo li ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv cov teb chaws tau nyiaj tsawg thiab nruab nrab, lawv tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas kim heev.
Kev nthuav dav siv cov kev daws teeb meem microscopy tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, hais tias Noa Lipstein, kws tshawb fawb txog biologist ntawm Leibniz Center for Molecular Pharmacology hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Tsis ntev los no nws tau tsim ib pab pawg tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab xaiv los siv IB lub tshuab tsom rau lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus synaptic.
