Encyclopedia ntawm Microscope Hom
Nws yog feem ntau muab faib ua ob peb pawg: cov tshuab microscope, ntsuas microscope, metallographic microscope, peb-dimensional video microscope, biological microscope, stereo microscope, muaj lub koob yees duab, industrial lens, microcirculation detector, thiab ib tug poob ntawm cov ntshav detector. Cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev lag luam precision, tshuaj, kev qhia, kev kho mob thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev soj ntsuam qhov kaj
2. Relief Phase Contrast Microscope (RC)
3. Kev cuam tshuam sib txawv sib txawv DIC
4. Kev soj ntsuam qhov tsaus ntuj
5. Polarizing microscope
6. Theem zoo sib xws
7. Fluorescence Microscopy
Cov saum toj no teev 7 txoj hauv kev ntawm kev soj ntsuam microscopes. Cia peb tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua txoj kev thiab peb yuav tsum xaiv li cas.
1) Cia peb saib txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob uas txhua tus paub txog-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lub tshuab tsom iav, uas tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm txhua lub tshuab tsom iav;
2) Theem contrast microscope siv qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom los soj ntsuam, uas yog, siv tau zoo cuam tshuam tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb los hloov cov theem sib txawv indistinguishable los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv amplitude sib txawv, txawm tias tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab. Cov tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem pom meej meej;
3) Qhov sib txawv cuam tshuam microscopy siv qhov tshwj xeeb Wollaston prism kom decompose lub teeb beam. Cov kev taw qhia kev vibration ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib cais yog perpendicular rau ib leeg thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug, thiab cov kab teeb hla ntawm cov khoom ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus uas nyob ze rau ib leeg, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv theem. Txij li thaum qhov kev sib cais ntawm ob lub teeb kab teeb yog qhov me me, tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ob npaug, yog li cov duab nthuav tawm qhov kev xav ntawm peb-dimensional;
4) Tsaus teb yog qhov ua tau tsaus nti illumination. Nws cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm qhov ci ci. Nws tsis ncaj qha saib lub teeb ntawm illumination, tab sis saib lub teeb pom kev lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom hauv kev tshuaj xyuas. Yog li ntawd, daim teb ntawm kev pom dhau los ua qhov tsaus ntuj tom qab, thaum cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas nthuav tawm cov duab ci. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau m..m tsaus ntuj saib yog qhov tsaus nti condenser;
5) Polarizing microscope yog lub tshuab tsom rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem pom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem pom nrog cov plaub hau dyed, tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tau thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing;
6) Xyoo 1975, Dr. Robert Hoffman tau tsim nws. Xyoo 2002, thaum lub sijhawm patent tas lawm, ntau lub tshuab tsom iav tau tsim cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis RC npe hu ua lawv tus kheej. Cov duab ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv, kom lub ntsej muag pob tshab ua kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus, ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev soj ntsuam.
7) Fluorescence microscopy yog irradiate cov khoom stained nrog fluorescein nrog luv-yoj lub teeb, kom nws zoo siab los tsim cov fluorescence ntev-ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd pom.
Thib ob, kev ua haujlwm nrug ntawm lub hom phiaj lens:
Kev ua haujlwm nrug ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav hais txog qhov ua haujlwm nrug ntawm lub hom phiaj lens. Qhov loj dua qhov kev nthuav dav, qhov loj ntawm cov lej aperture, thiab qhov luv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob deb. . Kev siv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm microscopes Tam sim no, optical microscopes tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm ib txwm siv tshuaj lom neeg mus rau ntau hom kab mob tshwj xeeb. Raws li lawv cov qauv duab, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
① Geometric optical microscope: suav nrog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, lub tshuab hluav taws xob epi-light, inverted microscope, metallographic microscope, microscope tsaus nti, thiab lwm yam.
② Lub tshuab kho qhov muag lub ntsej muag: suav nrog theem-qhov sib txawv microscope, polarized lub teeb microscope, cuam tshuam microscope, theem-zoo polarized lub teeb microscope, theem-zoo cuam tshuam microscope, theem-zoo fluorescence microscope, thiab lwm yam.
③ Cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab microscope: suav nrog fluorescence microscope, microspectrophotometer, duab tsom tsom iav, acoustic microscope, yees duab microscope, TV microscope, thiab lwm yam.
1. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tshuab tsom:
Biological microscopes: Feem ntau hais lus, lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: stereo microscopes thiab biological microscopes. Vim muaj kev siv sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau sib txawv, ntau ceg tau tsim, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem yog tib yam. Polarization, theem tsis sib xws, kis tau tus mob thiab epimetry, thiab lwm yam. tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab microscopes.
b Stereo microscope: Kuj hu ua dissecting microscope, khoom microscope thiab stereo microscope, nws yog lub tshuab tsom nrog ntau yam siv. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tsis muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau cov qauv, muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev, thiab muaj lub siab zoo ntawm peb-dimensionality thaum soj ntsuam. Nws tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov khoom tiag, thiab tuaj yeem ua qee yam haujlwm ntawm cov qauv thaum soj ntsuam. Es tsis txhob slicing specimens zoo li biological microscopes, slicing yuav tsum tau coj cov tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej. Yog li ntawd, stereo microscopes yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm microelectronics, precision instrumentation los ua ke thiab txij nkawm, thiab micro-carving. Nws yog dav siv hauv kev ua haujlwm anatomical thiab microsurgery (tam sim no cais raws li kev ua haujlwm microscopes) hauv kev lag luam biology thiab tshuaj. Lub teeb ci siv nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm biology thiab tshuaj tsuas tuaj yeem siv lub teeb txias (optical fibers); nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam rau me me qhov chaw thiab Integrated Circuit Court soj ntsuam, sib dhos, soj ntsuam thiab lwm yam hauj lwm.
c metallographic microscope: Ntau tus neeg nyiam sau nws li "golden duab microscope". Metallographic microscope yog ib lub tshuab tsom tsom tshwj xeeb uas siv los soj ntsuam cov qauv metallographic ntawm cov khoom opaque xws li hlau thiab ntxhia. Cov khoom opaque no tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib kis zoo tib yam, yog li qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm theem thiab cov tshuab microscopes yog qhov qub yog illuminated nrog lub teeb pom kev, thaum lub tom kawg yog illuminated nrog lub teeb kis. Nyob rau hauv ib tug metallographic microscope, lub illumination beam yog projected los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj lens mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam, reflected los ntawm cov khoom nto thiab ces rov qab mus rau lub hom phiaj lens rau imaging. Txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo no kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon wafers.
2. Lub teeb qhov chaw: Lub teeb pom kev zoo rau lub tshuab tsom iav feem ntau muaj xws li: teeb fluorescent, LED teeb, halogen teeb, incandescent teeb, txias qhov chaw (fiber optics), thiab lwm yam, tab sis muaj ntau ntau yam nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, yog li zoo thiab phem yog sib xyaw. Them nyiaj ntau dua thaum yuav khoom: Polarizing microscopes Nws yog lub tshuab tsom iav siv los kawm cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab thiab opaque anisotropic ( txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom). Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem pom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm staining, tab sis qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing.
