Qhov sib txawv thiab kev xaiv ntawm soldering hlau fais fab qhov ntau thiab tsawg
Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum siv yog siab dhau lawm, uas tuaj yeem hlawv cov khoom siv tau yooj yim (feem ntau, qhov sib txuas ntawm lub diode thiab transistor yuav kub hnyiab tau thaum qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txuas siab tshaj 200 degree) thiab ua rau cov xov hlau luam tawm poob ntawm cov substrate; Lub zog ntawm cov hlau siv yog me me heev, thiab cov tin soldering tsis tuaj yeem txaus Thaum yaj, cov flux tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, thiab cov pob qij txha tsis du thiab ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj tseeb. Feem ntau, nws yog siv rau vuam integrated circuits, luam Circuit Court boards, CMOS circuits, kho kom zoo nkauj transistors, IC xov tooj cua thiab recorders, thiab TVs. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev sim ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo tib yam. Feem ntau, 20W yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, xws li lub raj amps thiab cov cuab yeej qub. , 35W yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab cov cua sov sab nraud yog 45W. Rau vuam cov xaim ntawm lub transformer loj thiab cov kab hauv av ntawm cov hlau puag phaj, cov cua sov sab hauv yog 50W, thiab cov cua sov sab nraud yog 75W. Yog tias koj xav tau cov khoom siv hlau, koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab cua sov sab nraud nrog lub zog ntsuas ntawm 100W lossis ntau dua. Yog tias muaj kev tso cai, cov neeg nyiam siv xov tooj cua tuaj yeem tsim kho lawv tus kheej nrog 2OW sab hauv cov cua sov soldering hlau, 35W sab hauv los yog sab nraud rhuab soldering hlau, thiab 150W sab nraud rhuab soldering hlau, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau vuam.
Lub solder peb siv feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: leaded solder thiab lead-free solder, tab sis feem ntau yog siv lead ua solder, uas muaj ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 63% tin, 37% txhuas, thiab ib tug melting point ntawm 183 degree. : thaum lub sij hawm muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau lead-free solder yog 99% tin. , qhov flux yog li 1%, thiab lub melting point yog 227 degree. Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau lead yog tias nws muaj qhov taw tes qis, nws yooj yim rau vuam, thiab pheej yig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab cov hlau lead yog teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav koj txhais tes kom zoo zoo tom qab soldering. Thaum lub sij hawm soldering, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hnav lub npog ntsej muag lossis siv qhov chaw ci ntsa iab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qee qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub taub hau thiab qhov vuam. Raws li tib neeg kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nce ntxiv, cov hlau lead-dawb tam sim no siv rau lub tshuab vuam hauv cov chaw tsim khoom. Txij li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau lead muaj qhov taw qhia melting ntau dua, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab tias vim li cas qee zaum nyuaj rau yaj lub solder thaum kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob cua sov uas tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm li 250 degree thaum muaj zog. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws xob soldering hlau, nws yog tiag tiag ib tug txheej txheem ntawm tshav kub conduction. Thaum nws hu rau qhov chaw vuam, cov cua sov los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau yog xa mus rau lub vuam. Lub solder absorbs tshav kub, melts thiab ntws, thiab tsim ib tug kaj thiab puag ncig solder sib koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nto nro. . Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem kub conduction, vim hais tias hlau yog zoo conductors ntawm tshav kub, tshav kub hloov ceev. Thaum lub sij hawm melting txheej txheem ntawm solder, vim lub tshav kub poob ntawm lub soldering hlau taub, nws kub yuav poob ntau los yog tsawg. Yog tias qhov chaw sib koom ua ke loj, nws yuav tsum tau nqus cua sov ntau kom ua rau lub solder ntawm nws mus txog qhov melting point. Yog hais tias lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau yog me me, nws khaws cov cua sov tsawg thiab qhov kub thiab txias poob sai. Vim lub zog me me ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau soldering, cov cua sov tsim tau lig dhau los hloov cov cua sov uas ploj lawm. Qhov feem ntau intuitive tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog hais tias lub solder tsis yaj los yog lub melting yog tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb yuav tsum tau siv ib tug high-power soldering hlau rau soldering. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias cov khoom siv vuam me me, peb tsis tas yuav siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab; Yog tias siv lub zog hluav taws xob ntau, nco ntsoov ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub sijhawm vuam, txwv tsis pub cov cua sov ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub Circuit Court thiab Circuit Court board qhov twg tam sim no ntws. , ua rau cov ntawv luam ntawv tooj liab tev tawm. Tsis muaj ib qho kev xav tau tshwj xeeb rau lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau soldering. Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov hlau uas haum rau koj.
Cia peb piav ob qho teeb meem ib zaug ntxiv los ua kom peb nkag siab tob txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev sib txuas. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim li cas thiaj siv flux (xws li rosin)? Qhov tseeb, muab nws bluntly, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv flux yog los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm virtual soldering. Lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha tshaj plaws ntawm flux yog ua kom cov solder ntws yooj yim. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev nkag siab tias cov nplaum nplaum yuav ua rau txhua lub qhov me me; Tsis tas li ntawd, cov flux tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov oxide txheej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv. Tau kawg, qee qhov fluxes yog corrosive (xws li solder paste) thiab yuav tsum tau siv ceev faj. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv vuam thiab ua kom zoo, rosin ntxiv rau cov hlau tiav tiav, uas yooj yim dua rau siv.
Lo lus nug thib ob yog, vim li cas peb thiaj li yuav tsum tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub? Lub taub hau hlau yog kub hnyiab vim tias cov hlau tsis siv lub sijhawm ntev, ua rau cov txheej txheem dub oxide tsim rau ntawm cov hlau taub hau. Cov oxide dub no yog cov khoom oxidation ntawm tooj liab, solder thiab lwm yam hlau. Cov hlau oxides yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cov cua sov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li cov hlau taub hau yog oxidized thiab tsis lo rau lub solder, qhov sib cuag ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub taub hau thiab cov vuam yog txo, ntxiv kev tiv thaiv kev hloov ntawm cov cua sov. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub taub hau ntawm cov hlau yog kub, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau soldering yog qhov pib ploj lawm, thiab qhov seem muaj nuj nqi tsuas yog lub rhaub ua haujlwm xwb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev kub hnyiab, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj lub sij hawm ntev kub kub kub ntawm cov hlau soldering. Yog tias cov hlau tsis siv ntev ntev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub zog yuav tsum raug txiav tawm kom tsis txhob siv cov hlau soldering. Tau kawg, nws kuj yog ib lub tswv yim zoo rau nruab ib lub voj voog tswj kom txo tau qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering thaum nws tsis ua haujlwm.
