Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm polarizing microscopy
(1) Ib qho refraction thiab birefringence: Thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm qee yam khoom, yog tias qhov xwm txheej thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm lub teeb tsis hloov nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm illumination, cov khoom yog optically "isotropic", tseem hu ua ib qho refraction. Cov khoom, xws li cov pa roj, kua thiab amorphous solids; Yog hais tias lub teeb dhau los ntawm lwm yam khoom, qhov ceev, qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia, qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb thiab kev co thiab amplitude ntawm lub teeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog txawv nyob ntawm seb cov kev taw qhia ntawm irradiation. Cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv optical Qhov saum toj no muaj "anisotropy", tseem hu ua birefringent lub cev, xws li muaju, fibers, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Polarization tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb: Lub teeb tsis muaj peev xwm muab faib ua lub teeb ntuj thiab lub teeb polarized raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev co. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub teeb ntuj yog tias nws muaj ntau lub dav hlau kev co ntawm lub teeb ntsug yoj kis axis. Lub amplitude ntawm kev co ntawm txhua lub dav hlau yog tib yam thiab nws cov zaus kuj yog tib yam. Lub teeb ntuj tuaj yeem vibrate hauv ib qho kev taw qhia los ntawm kev xav, refraction, birefringence thiab nqus. Lub teeb nthwv dej hu ua "polarized light" lossis "polarized light".
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog linearly polarized lub teeb uas vibrates nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev birefringent, nws muab faib ua ob lub dav hlau dav hlau polarized, A thiab B, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Cov lus qhia kev vibration ntawm ob yog qhov perpendicular rau ib leeg, tab sis qhov ceev, refractive index, thiab wavelength txawv.
(3) Kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb polarized: Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing yog cov khoom siv polarizing-polarizer thiab analyzer. Yav dhau los, ob leeg tau tsim los ntawm Nicol prisms, uas yog ua los ntawm ntuj calcite. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov siv lead ua, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais polarization hla thaj tsam loj. Tsis ntev los no, polarizing microscopes siv dag polarizers. Los hloov lub lens Nicol Shun. Artificial polarizers yog ua los ntawm quinoline sulfate crystals, tseem hu ua Herapathite, thiab muaj xim ntsuab-txiv ntseej. Thaum lub teeb zoo tib yam dhau los ntawm nws, nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov teeb pom kev zoo polarized uas tsuas yog vibrates hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim. Polarizing microscope muaj ob lub polarizers. Ib qho yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb ci thiab cov khoom yuav raug tshuaj xyuas thiab hu ua "polarizer"; lwm qhov yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab eyepiece thiab hu ua "analyser". Nws muaj ib tug kov mus txog rau hauv lub lens chim los yog nruab nrab Lub sab sab ntawm lub Symptoms yog yooj yim rau kev khiav hauj lwm, thiab muaj ib tug scale rau lub kaum sab xis. Thaum lub teeb tawm los ntawm lub teeb ci dhau los ntawm ob lub polarizers, yog tias cov lus qhia kev vibration ntawm lub polarizer thiab analyzer yog sib npaug rau ib leeg, uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib qho "parallel analyzer stand" qhov teeb meem, qhov kev pom yuav yog qhov ci tshaj plaws. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias ob qho tib si nyob rau ib leeg, uas yog, nyob rau hauv "orthogonal kho txoj hauj lwm", lub teb ntawm kev pom yog tsaus nti. Yog hais tias ob qho tib si tilted, daim teb ntawm saib qhia tau hais tias nruab nrab brightness. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov no tias yog tias kev vibration kev taw qhia ntawm linearly polarized lub teeb tsim los ntawm lub polarizer yog sib npaug mus rau kev co kev taw qhia ntawm lub analyzer, nws muaj peev xwm dhau tag nrho; yog tias nws yog deflected, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws tuaj yeem hla; yog tias nws yog perpendicular, nws tsis tuaj yeem hla txhua. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv lub polarizing microscope rau kev soj ntsuam, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub polarizer thiab analyzer yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub orthogonal tsom xam txoj hauj lwm.
