Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Polarized Light Microscopy
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Polarizing Microscope
Polarizing microscope yog ib hom kev tsom xam los txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem paub meej meej raws li lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing, thiab tau kawg, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm staining, tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv, thiab yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscope yog hloov lub teeb zoo tib yam rau hauv lub teeb polarized rau kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom xws li monorefractive (isotropic) lossis birefractive (anisotropic). Birefringence yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov muaju. Yog li ntawd, polarizing microscopes tau siv dav hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov zaub mov thiab chemistry. Hauv biology, ntau cov qauv kuj yog birefringent, uas yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv siv polarizing microscopy. Hauv botany, xws li kev txheeb xyuas cov fibers, chromosomes, spindle filaments, starch nplej, cell phab ntsa thiab muaj cov muaju hauv cytoplasm thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Hauv cov nroj tsuag pathology, kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo polarized. Hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab zoology, polarized light microscopy feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov pob txha pob txha, cov hniav, cov roj cholesterol, paj hlwb, qog hlwb, rhabdomyosarcoma thiab plaub hau.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm polarizing microscopy:
(a) ib qho refractive thiab birefringent: lub teeb los ntawm ib yam khoom, xws li qhov xwm ntawm lub teeb thiab txoj hauv kev tsis hloov vim qhov kev taw qhia ntawm irradiation, cov khoom yog optically "isotropic", kuj hu ua ib qho refractor, xws li cov roj av zoo tib yam, kua, thiab cov khoom tsis-crystalline; Yog hais tias lub teeb dhau los ntawm lwm yam khoom, qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, lub refractive index, lub absorbance thiab lub teeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij kev co, amplitude thiab thiaj li nyob rau hauv vim cov kev taw qhia ntawm irradiation thiab muaj sib txawv, cov khoom no yog optically "anisotropic", kuj paub. raws li birefringent, xws li muaju, fibers thiab lwm yam.
(ii) polarization ntawm lub teeb: lub teeb nthwv dej raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev co, tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub teeb ntuj thiab lub teeb polarized. Ntuj lub teeb kev co yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm perpendicular mus rau lub teeb yoj conduction axis nrog ntau qhov chaw vibrating, kev co ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm tib lub amplitude, nws zaus yog tib yam; Lub teeb ntuj tom qab kev xav, refraction, birefringence thiab nqus thiab lwm yam dej num, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev taw qhia ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej, lub teeb nthwv dej no hu ua "polarised" lossis "polarised light" lossis "polarised light". Lub teeb zoo li no hu ua "polarised light" lossis "polarised light".
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog linearly polarized lub teeb uas vibrates nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev birefringent, raws li qhia hauv daim duab, muab faib ua A, B ob hom linear dav hlau polarized lub teeb, kev co kev taw qhia ntawm ob qho tib si perpendicular rau ib leeg, thaum lub ceev, refractive index thiab wavelength, thiab lwm yam. txawv.
