Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscopes
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscope: Polarizing microscope yog ib lub tshuab tsom iav siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj birefringence tuaj yeem pom meej meej raws li lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm staining, tab sis rau qee qhov nws tsis yooj yim sua thiab yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ntsuas polarizing. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm polarizing microscopy yog hloov lub teeb zoo tib yam rau hauv lub teeb polarized rau kev kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qee yam tshuaj monorefractive (isotropic) lossis birefringent (anisotropic). Birefringence yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov muaju. Yog li ntawd, polarizing microscopes tau siv dav hauv cov zaub mov, chemistry thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Hauv biology, ntau cov qauv kuj yog birefringent, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov polarizing microscopy kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv botany, xws li kev txheeb xyuas seb puas muaj fibers, chromosomes, spindles, starch granules, cell phab ntsa, thiab cytoplasm thiab cov ntaub so ntswg muaj crystals, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag pathology, kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas yuav ua tau. txheeb xyuas los ntawm polarized lub teeb microscopy. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab zoology, polarized lub teeb microscopy feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov pob txha, cov hniav, cov roj cholesterol, cov hlab ntsha, cov qog hlwb, cov nqaij ntshiv thiab cov plaub hau.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm polarizing microscopy: (1) Ib qho refraction thiab birefringence: Thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm qee yam khoom, yog tias qhov xwm txheej thiab txoj kev ntawm lub teeb tsis hloov nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb pom kev, cov khoom yog optically "isotropic" ", kuj hu ua ib lub cev refractive, xws li cov pa roj, cov kua thiab cov khoom tsis-crystalline yog tias lub teeb dhau los ntawm lwm cov khoom, qhov ceev, qhov ntsuas qhov tsis zoo, qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb thiab kev co thiab amplitude ntawm lub teeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb. ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, cov khoom siv no yog optically "anisotropic" thiab tseem hu ua birefringent lub cev, xws li muaju, fibers, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev co Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub teeb ntuj yog tias nws muaj ntau lub dav hlau vibration ntawm ntsug lub teeb yoj kis tau tus mob Lub amplitude ntawm kev co ntawm txhua lub dav hlau yog tib yam thiab nws zaus kuj yog tib yam. Lub teeb ntuj tuaj yeem vibrate hauv ib qho kev taw qhia los ntawm kev xav, refraction, birefringence thiab nqus. Lub teeb nthwv dej hu ua "polarized light" lossis "polarized light". Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog linearly polarized lub teeb uas vibrates nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev birefringent, nws muab faib ua ob lub dav hlau dav hlau polarized, A thiab B, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Cov lus qhia kev vibration ntawm ob yog qhov perpendicular rau ib leeg, tab sis qhov ceev, refractive index, thiab wavelength txawv.
