Atomic microscope Zoo sib xws thiab Dissimilarities ntawm Optical Microscope Imaging Principple
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm electron optics, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog ib qho khoom siv uas pom cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav heev uas siv cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov lo ntsiab muag hluav taws xob uas tsis yog cov kab teeb ci thiab cov lo ntsiab muag kho qhov muag.
Qhov kev ncua deb tshaj plaws uas lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txuas ntawm ob qhov chaw nyob sib ze yog siv los piav txog nws lub zog daws teeb meem. Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv 1970s yog kwv yees li 0.3 nanometers (qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag yog li 0.1 millimeters). Tam sim no hais tias lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob lub tshuab ntsuas qhov siab tshaj plaws tshaj li 3 lab lub sijhawm, piv rau lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsuas yog li 2000 lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ncaj qha saib cov atoms ntawm qee cov hlau hnyav thiab cov txheej txheem atomic lattices hauv cov muaju uas siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb German Knorr-Bremse thiab Ruska tau hloov kho lub siab-voltage oscilloscope nrog lub txias cathode tawm hluav taws xob qhov chaw thiab peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 1931, lawv muaj peev xwm tau txais cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm ntau dua kaum zaug, lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov duab loj. siv lub tshuab electron microscope. Tom qab Ruska qhov kev nce qib, lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob daws teeb meem tau mus txog 50 nanometers hauv xyoo 1932, ze li ntawm 10 npaug ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag thaum lub sijhawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tib neeg tau pib them nyiaj ntau dua rau lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Txhawm rau kho qhov kev sib hloov asymmetry ntawm lub lens electron, Hill hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv astigmatizer hauv 1940s. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau pab lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob daws lub zog ua ntej thiab nws thiaj li mus txog qib niaj hnub no. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 3 nanometers tau ua tiav hauv Suav teb xyoo 1958, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj loj nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.3 nanometers tau tsim muaj nyob rau xyoo 1979.
Txawm hais tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob daws teeb meem ntau dua li ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag, nws nyuaj rau kev soj ntsuam cov khoom muaj sia vim tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua haujlwm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab irradiation ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yuav ua rau hluav taws xob puas tsuaj rau cov qauv lom. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ci ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub caliber ntawm lub lens electron, thiab lwm yam.
Ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm electron microscopy yog daws lub zog, uas nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej lub khob hliav qab thiab lub teeb hluav taws xob lub wavelength thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum lub wavelength ntawm electron beam sib raug zoo nrog lub accelerating voltage, lub wavelength ntawm pom lub teeb nyob ntawm 300 mus rau 700 nanometers. Electron beam wavelength yog kwv yees li 0.0053-0.0037 nanometers thaum lub zog ceev yog 50-100 kV. Txawm hais tias lub khob hliav qab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsuas yog 1 feem pua ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tseem tseem ceeb dua li ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag vim tias lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob yog luv dua li lub wavelength. ntawm qhov pom kev.
