yooj yim microscope
Nws raug suav hais tias yog thawj lub tshuab kuaj kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Leeuwenhoek tau tsim nws. Convex lo ntsiab muag thiab thav duab tau ua ke. Cov hom tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau 200-300 npaug (ntau dua li lub iav tsom iav). Vim tias lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom siv roj ntsha, lub tshuab tsom iav yog qhov yooj yim heev tab sis cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo heev.
Ib qho yooj yim microscope yog siv los ntawm ib tug watchmaker los saib thiab nthuav me me saib qhov chaw. Nws kuj yog siv los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov tawv nqaij kev lag luam. Cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv hauv cov phau ntawv, textures ntawm fibers thiab threads, thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm cov nyiaj muas thiab engravings tuaj yeem nthuav dav nrog cov txheej txheem no. Txij li thaum tsim lwm lub tshuab microscopes nrog lub lens thib ob, uas txhim kho cov duab zoo, cov tshuab microscopes tsis tau siv lawm.
atomic-scale microscope
Nyob rau hauv ib tug compound microscope, ib lub teeb nyob rau hauv qab illuminates tus swb. Ob lub lo ntsiab muag - ib qho ze ntawm qhov swb, hu ua lub hom phiaj, thiab ib qho ze rau saum, hu ua eyepiece - yog siv los nthuav cov qauv. Lawv muab cov duab ob sab uas tuaj yeem hloov kho nyob ntawm lub lens lub zog.
Compound microscopes tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam qauv tab sis feem ntau yog yooj yim heev, ua rau lawv yooj yim rau kev khiav hauj lwm rau leej twg. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv microscopic microscopes yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau kom loj dua thiab pheej yig rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg nyiam, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb. Lawv qhov kev daws teeb meem tsawg dua txhais tau hais tias, zoo ib yam li cov tshuab microscopes ntau dua, cov duab yuav tsis ntse.
fluorescent duab system
Tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv George G. Stokes thawj zaug txhais tias fluorescence nyob rau xyoo 1852. Thaum nws pom tias cov ntxhia fluorspar ci liab thaum qhib los ntawm UV teeb, nws tuaj nrog lub npe "fluorescence." Nws hais ntxiv tias fluorescence emission muaj lub wavelength ntev dua li lub teeb pom kev zoo. Vim tias nws tuaj yeem pom cov fluorescence muab tawm los ntawm lub hom phiaj molecules, fluorescence microscopy yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Ua li no, cov tshuaj fluorescent tshwj xeeb yog ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj hlwb, ua rau lawv ci thaum lub teeb ci ntsa iab rau lawv.
Lub autofluorescence ntawm cov tshuaj xws li chlorophyll, vitamin A, collagen, riboflavin, thiab lwm yam tso cai rau lawv soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub microscope no tsis muaj kev taw qhia ntawm fluorescent pigments. Lwm yam khoom xws li cellulose, glycogen, proteins, carbohydrates thiab Y chromosomes kuj yuav tsum tau stained siv fluorescent dyes. Cov protein tshwj xeeb hauv cov hlwb tuaj yeem pom siv fluorescent dyes.
microscope nrog confocals
Contrary to a stereo and compound microscope, confocal microscopy siv pom lub teeb los ntawm laser qhov chaw. Txhawm rau luam theej duab cov qauv nrog lub laser thiab muab cov duab tso rau hauv lub khoos phis tawj rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, microscopes muaj ntau daim iav tsom iav. Lub microscope nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tsis muaj eyepieces. Lawv muab cov duab ob sab uas tuaj yeem hloov kho nyob ntawm lub lens lub zog.
Lo lus "confocal" yog hais txog txoj hauv kev uas lub tshuab ntsuas no tshem tawm cov teeb meem tsis pom kev sib piv rau fluorescence microscopy los ntawm kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab pinholes hauv lub dav hlau optically conjugated nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntes. Qhov kev daws teeb meem kho qhov muag ntawm daim duab yog qhov siab dua nrog qhov dav-teeb microscopy vim tias lub teeb fluorescence tsuas tuaj yeem pom ze ze rau lub dav hlau focal. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias lub pinhole thaiv feem ntau ntawm cov qauv fluorescence lub teeb, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntau dua los ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub teeb liab tsis muaj zog, xav tau ntev ntev.
electronic microscope
Xyoo 1986, lub tshuab ntsuas digital tau tsim hauv Nyij Pooj. Nws ua rau siv lub computer kom pom tej yam uas tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv ob qho tib si nrog lossis tsis muaj eyepieces. Nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub khoos phis tawj saib siv USB cable. Nws tuaj yeem pom raws li tus qauv nthuav dav ntawm lub khoos phis tawj screen nrog kev pab ntawm lub khoos phis tawj software. Ob daim duab tseem thiab cov duab txav tuaj yeem raug ntes thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub computer lub cim xeeb. Email tso cai rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov duab khaws cia. Cov kws tshawb fawb, cov tub ntxhais kawm, amateurs, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem siv tau.
